Cov qauv ntawm lub cable zoo li yooj yim, qhov tseeb, txhua qhov khoom ntawm nws muaj nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb, yog li txhua cov khoom siv tivthaiv yuav tsum tau xaiv kom zoo thaum tsim cov cable, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov cable ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
1. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Keeb kwm, cov ntaub ntawv siv rau cov xov hluav taws xob yog tooj liab thiab txhuas. Sodium kuj tau sim luv luv. Tooj liab thiab txhuas muaj kev ua hluav taws xob zoo dua, thiab qhov ntau ntawm tooj liab tsawg dua thaum xa tib lub tam sim no, yog li lub cheeb sab nraud ntawm tus tooj liab yog me dua li ntawm tus txhuas. Tus nqi ntawm txhuas yog qis dua tooj liab. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim tias qhov ceev ntawm tooj liab yog loj dua li ntawm txhuas, txawm tias lub peev xwm nqa tam sim no yog tib yam, qhov seem ntawm tus txhuas yog loj dua li ntawm tus tooj liab, tab sis tus txhuas cable tseem sib dua li tus tooj liab cable.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev
Muaj ntau yam khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev uas cov xov hluav taws xob MV siv tau, txawm tias suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev uas tau siv thev naus laus zis, uas tau siv tau zoo rau ntau tshaj 100 xyoo. Niaj hnub no, cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev polymer extruded tau txais kev lees txais dav dav. Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev polymer extruded suav nrog PE (LDPE thiab HDPE), XLPE, WTR-XLPE thiab EPR. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog thermoplastic nrog rau thermosetting. Cov ntaub ntawv thermoplastic deform thaum cua sov, thaum cov ntaub ntawv thermoset khaws lawv cov duab ntawm qhov kub ua haujlwm.
2.1. Kev rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm ntawv
Thaum pib ua haujlwm, cov xov hlau uas muaj ntawv rwb thaiv tsev tsuas nqa tau me me xwb thiab tau saib xyuas zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg siv hluav taws xob tseem niaj hnub ua rau cov xov hlau nqa tau ntau dua thiab ntau dua, cov xwm txheej siv thawj zaug tsis haum rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov xov hlau tam sim no lawm, ces qhov kev paub zoo thawj zaug tsis tuaj yeem sawv cev rau kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej ntawm cov xov hlau yuav tsum zoo. Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov xov hlau uas muaj ntawv rwb thaiv tsev tsis tshua muaj neeg siv.
2.2.PVC
PVC tseem siv ua cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev rau cov xov hluav taws xob qis 1kV thiab kuj yog cov khoom siv sheathing. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv PVC hauv kev rwb thaiv tsev cable sai sai hloov los ntawm XLPE, thiab kev siv hauv sheath sai sai hloov los ntawm linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE) lossis high density polyethylene (HDPE), thiab cov xov hluav taws xob tsis yog PVC muaj cov nqi qis dua.
2.3. Polyethylene (PE)
Cov polyethylene uas tsis tshua muaj zog (LDPE) tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1930 thiab tam sim no siv ua cov khoom siv rau cov polyethylene crosslinked (XLPE) thiab cov ntoo uas tsis muaj dej crosslinked polyethylene (WTR-XLPE) cov ntaub ntawv. Hauv lub xeev thermoplastic, qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm polyethylene yog 75 ° C, uas qis dua qhov kub ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv insulated cables (80 ~ 90 ° C). Qhov teeb meem no tau daws nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm cov polyethylene cross-linked (XLPE), uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li lossis tshaj qhov kub ntawm cov ntawv insulated cables.
2.4.Cov polyethylene txuas nrog (XLPE)
XLPE yog ib yam khoom siv thermosetting uas ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov polyethylene low-density (LDPE) nrog cov neeg sawv cev crosslinking (xws li peroxide).
Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb ua haujlwm ntawm XLPE insulated cable yog 90 ° C, qhov kev sim overload yog txog li 140 ° C, thiab qhov kub luv luv tuaj yeem ncav cuag 250 ° C. XLPE muaj cov yam ntxwv dielectric zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov voltage ntawm 600V txog 500kV.
2.5. Tsob ntoo uas tiv taus dej Cross-linked polyethylene (WTR-XLPE)
Qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov ntoo dej yuav txo qhov kev siv ntawm XLPE cable. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txo qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo dej, tab sis ib qho ntawm cov neeg feem ntau lees txais yog siv cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev tshwj xeeb uas tsim los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo dej, hu ua cov ntoo tiv taus dej hla polyethylene WTR-XLPE.
2.6. Cov roj hmab ethylene propylene (EPR)
EPR yog cov khoom siv thermosetting ua los ntawm ethylene, propylene (qee zaum yog monomer thib peb), thiab cov copolymer ntawm peb lub monomers hu ua ethylene propylene diene roj hmab (EPDM). Dhau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias dav dav, EPR yeej ib txwm mos thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv corona zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov poob dielectric ntawm cov khoom siv EPR siab dua li ntawm XLPE thiab WTR-XLPE.
3. Cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev vulcanization
Cov txheej txheem crosslinking yog tshwj xeeb rau cov polymer siv. Kev tsim cov polymers crosslinked pib nrog cov polymer matrix thiab tom qab ntawd cov stabilizers thiab crosslinkers raug ntxiv los ua ib qho sib tov. Cov txheej txheem crosslinking ntxiv ntau qhov txuas rau cov qauv molecular. Thaum cross-linked, cov saw polymer molecular tseem elastic, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem txiav tag nrho rau hauv cov kua yaj.
4. Cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv thiab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib
Cov txheej tiv thaiv semi-conductive raug extruded rau ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud ntawm tus neeg coj thiab rwb thaiv tsev kom sib npaug lub zog hluav taws xob thiab kom muaj lub zog hluav taws xob hauv lub cable insulated core. Cov khoom siv no muaj qib engineering ntawm cov khoom siv carbon dub kom pab cov txheej tiv thaiv ntawm lub cable kom ua tiav qhov conductivity ruaj khov hauv qhov ntau yam xav tau.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-12-2024