Kev xaiv cable yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob thiab kev teeb tsa. Kev xaiv tsis raug yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev nyab xeeb (xws li overheating lossis hluav taws), kev poob siab ntau dhau, cov khoom puas tsuaj, lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los xav txog thaum xaiv ib lub cable:
1. Core Electrical Parameters
(1) Conductor Hla-Sectional Cheeb Tsam:
Lub peev xwm nqa tam sim no: Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Lub cable yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nqa tau qhov siab tshaj plaws kev khiav hauj lwm tam sim no ntawm Circuit Court yam tsis pub tshaj nws qhov kev tso cai ua haujlwm kub. Xa mus rau cov lus ampacity hauv cov qauv tsim (xws li IEC 60287, NEC, GB / T 16895.15).
Voltage Drop: Tam sim no ntws los ntawm cable ua rau voltage poob. Ntev dhau los lossis tsis txaus hla ntu tuaj yeem ua rau qis qis ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev thauj khoom, cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub cev muaj zog). Xam tag nrho qhov hluav taws xob poob los ntawm lub hwj chim qhov chaw mus rau lub load, xyuas kom meej tias nws nyob rau hauv lub permissible ntau yam (feem ntau ≤3% rau teeb pom kev zoo, ≤5% rau lub hwj chim).
Short Circuit Withstand Capacity: Lub cable yuav tsum tiv taus qhov siab tshaj plaws luv-circuit tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub kaw lus tsis muaj thermal puas ua ntej cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ua haujlwm (thermal stability check). Cov cheeb tsam loj dua tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm tiv taus ntau dua.
(2) Rated voltage:
Cov kab hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob (piv txwv li, 0.6 / 1kV, 8.7 / 15kV) yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua qhov system nominal voltage (xws li, 380V, 10kV) thiab txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws. Xav txog qhov system voltage fluctuations thiab overvoltage tej yam kev mob.
(3) Cov khoom siv conductor:
Copper: High conductivity (~ 58 MS / m), muaj zog tam sim no nqa peev xwm, zoo txhua yam muaj zog, zoo heev corrosion kuj, yooj yim los tuav cov pob qij txha, tus nqi siab dua. Feem ntau siv.
Aluminium: Tsawg conductivity (~ 35 MS / m), yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv loj dua kom ua tiav tib lub ampacity, sib dua, tus nqi qis, tab sis qis dua txhua yam, nws muaj oxidation, yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab antioxidant compound rau pob qij txha. Feem ntau siv rau cov kab hla hla loj loj lossis cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
2. Kev teeb tsa ib puag ncig & Cov xwm txheej
(1) Installation Method:
Nyob rau hauv Cua: Cable tais, ntaiv, ducts, conduits, nto mounted raws phab ntsa, thiab lwm yam
Underground: Direct faus los yog ducted. Xav txog cov av thermal resistivity, faus qhov tob, qhov sib thooj rau lwm qhov chaw cua sov (xws li, cov kav dej ncu). Cov av noo thiab corrosiveness cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv sheath.
Underwater: Yuav tsum muaj cov qauv dej tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, cov hlau lead, cov txheej txheem dej thaiv kev sib xyaw) thiab kev tiv thaiv txhua yam.
Kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb: ntsug khiav (xav txog tus kheej qhov hnyav), cable trenches / tunnels, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Ambient Kub:
Ambient kub ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cable tshav kub dissipation. Standard ampacity tables yog raws li qhov ntsuas kub (piv txwv li, 30 ° C hauv huab cua, 20 ° C hauv av). Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub tiag tiag tshaj qhov kev siv, ampacity yuav tsum raug kho (derated). Ua tib zoo saib xyuas hauv qhov chaw kub kub (xws li chav boiler, huab cua sov).
(3) Qhov sib thooj rau lwm cov cables:
Kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob ntom ntom ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke cua sov thiab kub kub. Ntau cov kab hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug (tshwj xeeb yog tsis muaj qhov sib txawv lossis nyob rau hauv tib lub conduit) yuav tsum tau derated raws li tus naj npawb, kev npaj (kov / tsis kov).
(4) Mechanical Stress:
Tensile Load: Rau kev teeb tsa ntsug lossis ntev rub tawm, xav txog cable tus kheej qhov hnyav thiab rub nro; xaiv cov cables uas muaj zog tensile txaus (piv txwv li, steel hlau armoured).
Siab / cuam tshuam: Cov kab hluav taws xob faus ncaj qha yuav tsum tiv taus cov tsheb thauj mus los thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev khawb; tray-mounted cables yuav raug compressed. Armouring (steel daim kab xev, steel hlau) muab kev tiv thaiv zoo txhua yam.
Bending Radius: Thaum lub sij hawm installation thiab tig, cable dabtsi yog khoov vojvoog yuav tsum tsis txhob me tshaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tso cai, kom tsis txhob puas lub rwb thaiv tsev thiab sheath.
(5) Environmental Hazards:
Chemical Corrosion: Cov nroj tsuag tshuaj, cov nroj tsuag dej khib nyiab, cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntsev pos huab yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv corrosion (xws li PVC, LSZH, PE) thiab / lossis txheej txheej txheej. Tsis yog-hlau armouring (piv txwv li, iav fiber) yuav xav tau.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Roj: Cov roj depots, cov chaw ua haujlwm machining xav tau cov roj-resistant sheaths (xws li, tshwj xeeb PVC, CPE, CSP).
Kev Tiv Thaiv UV: Cov kab hluav taws xob sab nraum zoov yuav tsum muaj UV-resistant sheaths (xws li, dub PE, PVC tshwj xeeb).
Nas / Termites: Qee lub cheeb tsam xav tau cov nas tsuag / kab kab hluav taws xob (cov ntaub qhwv nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob, cov tsho tawv tawv, cov hlau armouring).
Moisture / Submersion: Damp lossis submerged ib puag ncig xav tau cov dej noo zoo / dej thaiv cov qauv (piv txwv li, radial dej thaiv, hlau sheath).
Explosive Atmospheres: Yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev phom sij tawg (piv txwv li, nplaim hluav taws, LSZH, ntxhia insulated cables).
3. Cable Structure & Khoom xaiv
(1) Cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev:
Hla-txuas Polyethylene (XLPE): Kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (90 ° C), siab ampacity, zoo dielectric zog, tshuaj tsis haum, zoo mechanical zog. Dav siv rau nruab nrab / qis voltage fais fab cables. Thawj qhov kev xaiv.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Tus nqi qis, cov txheej txheem paub tab, nplaim hluav taws zoo, kev ua haujlwm qis (70 ° C), nkig ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tso tawm cov pa phem halogen thiab cov pa taws hnyav thaum hlawv. Tseem siv dav tab sis nce kev txwv.
Ethylene Propylene Roj Hmab (EPR): Zoo yoog raws, huab cua, ozone, tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev ua haujlwm siab (90 ° C), siv rau cov khoom siv txawb, marine, mining cables. Tus nqi siab dua.
Lwm tus: Silicone roj hmab (> 180 ° C), ntxhia insulated (MI - tooj liab tus neeg xyuas pib nrog magnesium oxide rwb thaiv tsev, kev ua tau zoo hluav taws) rau kev siv tshwj xeeb.
(2) Sheath Materials:
PVC: zoo mechanical tiv thaiv, nplaim-retardant, tsis tshua muaj nqi, dav siv. Muaj halogen, muaj pa phem thaum hlawv.
PE: Cov dej noo zoo heev thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv, feem ntau rau cov kab ncaj nraim faus rau sab nraud. Cov nplaim hluav taws tsis zoo.
Tsawg Haus luam yeeb Zero Halogen (LSZH / LS0H / LSF): Tsawg pa luam yeeb, tsis muaj tshuaj lom (tsis muaj halogen acid gases), lub teeb xa hluav taws xob siab thaum hlawv. Yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov chaw pej xeem (subways, khw, tsev kho mob, cov tsev siab).
Flame-retardant Polyolefin: Ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws kub.
Kev xaiv yuav tsum xav txog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig (roj, huab cua, UV) thiab kev tiv thaiv txhua yam xav tau.
(3) Cov Txheej Txheem:
Conductor Shield: Yuav tsum tau rau nruab nrab / siab voltage (> 3.6 / 6kV) cables, sib npaug ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib nto hluav taws xob.
Rwb thaiv tsev Shield: Yuav tsum tau rau nruab nrab / high voltage cables, ua hauj lwm nrog conductor shield rau tag nrho cov teb.
Metallic Shield / Armour: Muab EMC (tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam / txo emissions) thiab / los yog luv luv-circuit txoj kev (yuav tsum tau earthed) thiab kev tiv thaiv txhua yam. Cov ntaub ntawv ntau: tooj liab, tooj liab hlau braid (shielding + short-circuit txoj kev), steel daim kab xev armor (mechanical tiv thaiv), steel hlau armor (tensile + mechanical tiv thaiv), aluminium sheath (shielding + radial water-blocking + mechanical tiv thaiv).
(4) Armouring Hom:
Hlau Hlau Armored (SWA): Zoo heev compressive thiab kev tiv thaiv tensile, rau kev faus ncaj qha lossis kev tiv thaiv txhua yam.
Galvanized Hlau Armored (GWA): Siab tensile lub zog, rau ntsug khiav, loj spans, underwater installation.
Non-metallic Armour: iav fiber ntau daim kab xev, muab cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog thaum uas tsis yog-magnetic, lub teeb yuag, corrosion-resistant, rau tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau.
4. Kev Nyab Xeeb & Kev Cai Lij Choj
(1) Nplaim Retardancy:
Xaiv cov kab hluav taws xob ua tau raws li cov qauv siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (xws li IEC 60332-1/3 rau ib leeg / pob hluav taws kub hnyiab, BS 6387 CWZ rau hluav taws kub, GB / T 19666) raws li qhov kev pheej hmoo hluav taws kub thiab kev khiav tawm. Cov pej xeem thiab cov chaw khiav tawm nyuaj yuav tsum siv LSZH nplaim hluav taws xob cables.
(2) Hluav taws kub tsis kam:
Rau cov hluav taws xob tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nyob twj ywm thaum muaj hluav taws kub (cov twj tua hluav taws, hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, tswb), siv cov hluav taws kub-resistant cables (piv txwv li, MI cables, mica-taped organic insulated structures) kuaj rau cov qauv (xws li BS 6387, IEC 60331, GB / T 19216).
(3) Halogen-dawb & haus luam yeeb tsawg:
Yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev nyab xeeb siab thiab kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv (cov chaw thauj mus los, cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, tsev kho mob, cov tsev loj loj).
(4) Ua raws li cov qauv & ntawv pov thawj:
Cables yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov qauv yuav tsum tau thiab ntawv pov thawj nyob rau hauv qhov project qhov chaw (xws li, CCC nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, CE nyob rau hauv EU, BS nyob rau hauv UK, UL nyob rau hauv US).
5. Economics & Life Cycle Nqi
Tus nqi pib nqis peev: Cable thiab accessories (sib koom, txiav tawm) nqe.
Installation Nqi: Nws txawv nrog cable loj, hnyav, yooj, thiab yooj yim ntawm installation.
Tus Nqi Ua Haujlwm Loss: Tus neeg xyuas pib ua haujlwm ua rau I²R poob. Cov conductors loj dua tus nqi pib tab sis txo qis kev poob mus ntev.
Tus nqi kho mob: Txhim khu kev qha, cov kab hluav taws xob ruaj khov muaj cov nqi kho mob qis dua.
Kev Pabcuam Lub Neej: Cov kab hluav taws xob zoo hauv qhov chaw tsim nyog tuaj yeem kav 30+ xyoo. Ntsuas ntsuas kom tsis txhob xaiv cov kab hluav taws xob qis lossis tsis zoo raws li tus nqi pib xwb.
6. Lwm yam kev txiav txim siab
Theem Sequence & Marking: Rau ntau cov tub ntxhais cables lossis theem sib cais, xyuas kom raug theem ua ntu zus thiab xim coding (raws li cov qauv hauv zos).
Earthing & Equipotential Bonding: Hlau shields thiab armor yuav tsum muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv av (feem ntau ntawm ob qho kawg) rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm.
Reserve Margin: Xav txog qhov muaj peev xwm thauj khoom yav tom ntej lossis kev hloov pauv, nce ntu ntu lossis khaws cov khoom seem yog xav tau.
Compatibility: Cable accessories (lugs, pob qij txha, terminations) yuav tsum phim cable hom, voltage, thiab conductor loj.
Supplier Qualification & Quality: Xaiv cov tuam txhab muaj npe nrov nrog kev ruaj ntseg zoo.
Rau kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab, xaiv txoj cai cable mus koom tes nrog kev xaiv cov khoom zoo. Nyob rau hauv ib lub ntiaj teb no, peb muab ntau yam ntawm cov hlau thiab cable raw cov ntaub ntawv - xws li rwb thaiv tsev tebchaw, sheathing cov ntaub ntawv, tapes, fillers, thiab yarns - tailored kom tau raws li ntau yam specifications thiab cov qauv, txhawb kev ruaj ntseg thiab zoo cable tsim thiab installation.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-15-2025