Kev xaiv cov xov hlau yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob thiab kev teeb tsa. Kev xaiv tsis raug yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev nyab xeeb (xws li kub dhau lossis hluav taws), hluav taws xob poob ntau dhau, khoom siv puas tsuaj, lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Hauv qab no yog cov yam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog thaum xaiv cov xov hlau:
1. Cov Qauv Hluav Taws Xob Tseem Ceeb
(1) Cheeb Tsam Hla-Sectional ntawm Tus Neeg Txuas:
Lub Peev Xwm Nqa Tau Tam Sim No: Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Lub cable yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nqa tau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub voj voog tsis pub tshaj nws qhov kub thiab txias uas tso cai. Saib cov lus qhia ampacity hauv cov qauv cuam tshuam (xws li IEC 60287, NEC, GB / T 16895.15).
Qhov Hluav Taws Xob Poob: Cov hluav taws xob ntws los ntawm lub cable ua rau qhov hluav taws xob poob. Qhov ntev dhau los yog qhov tsis txaus ntawm qhov hla yuav ua rau qhov hluav taws xob qis ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub load, cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub cev muaj zog pib). Xam tag nrho qhov hluav taws xob poob los ntawm lub zog fais fab mus rau lub load, xyuas kom meej tias nws nyob hauv qhov ntau uas tso cai (feem ntau ≤3% rau teeb pom kev zoo, ≤5% rau fais fab).
Peev Xwm Tiv Thaiv Tau Lub Luv Circuit Court: Lub cable yuav tsum tiv taus qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub luv Circuit Court tam sim no hauv lub system yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj thermal ua ntej lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv ua haujlwm (kev kuaj xyuas kev ruaj khov thermal). Cov cheeb tsam loj dua muaj peev xwm tiv taus siab dua.
(2) Qhov Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob:
Lub cable's rated voltage (piv txwv li, 0.6/1kV, 8.7/15kV) yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua lub system's nominal voltage (piv txwv li, 380V, 10kV) thiab txhua qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm voltage. Xav txog qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub system voltage thiab cov xwm txheej overvoltage.
(3) Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob:
Tooj Liab: Muaj kev coj hluav taws xob zoo (~ 58 MS / m), muaj peev xwm nqa tam sim no zoo, lub zog kho tshuab zoo, tiv taus xeb zoo heev, yooj yim rau kev tuav cov pob qij txha, tus nqi siab dua. Feem ntau siv.
Txhuas: Kev coj hluav taws xob qis dua (~ 35 MS / m), xav tau qhov loj dua ntawm qhov hla kom ua tiav tib lub zog, qhov hnyav sib dua, tus nqi qis dua, tab sis lub zog kho tshuab qis dua, yooj yim rau oxidation, xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov tshuaj antioxidant rau cov pob qij txha. Feem ntau siv rau cov kab hla loj lossis cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
2. Ib puag ncig thiab tej yam kev mob ntawm kev teeb tsa
(1) Txoj Kev Teeb Tsa:
Hauv Huab Cua: Cov tais cable, cov ntaiv, cov kav dej, cov kav dej, cov ntsia saum npoo ntawm phab ntsa, thiab lwm yam. Cov xwm txheej sib txawv ntawm kev tso cua sov cuam tshuam rau ampacity (derating xav tau rau kev teeb tsa ntom ntom).
Hauv av: Faus ncaj qha los yog ducted. Xav txog av thermal resistivity, qhov tob faus, ze rau lwm qhov chaw cua sov (piv txwv li, cov kav dej pa). Av noo noo thiab corrosion cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv sheath.
Hauv Qab Dej: Yuav tsum muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb uas tiv thaiv dej tsis tau (piv txwv li, lub hnab txhuas, txheej thaiv dej sib xyaw ua ke) thiab kev tiv thaiv tshuab.
Kev Teeb Tsa Tshwj Xeeb: Kev khiav ntsug (xav txog qhov hnyav ntawm tus kheej), cov qhov cable / qhov av, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Kub Ib puag ncig:
Qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev yaj cua sov ntawm cov cable. Cov lus qhia txog qhov kub thiab txias yog raws li qhov kub thiab txias siv (piv txwv li, 30 ° C hauv huab cua, 20 ° C hauv av). Yog tias qhov kub thiab txias tiag tiag tshaj qhov siv, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau kho (derated). Ua tib zoo saib xyuas hauv cov chaw kub thiab txias (piv txwv li, chav boiler, huab cua sov).
(3) Nyob ze rau lwm cov Cables:
Cov xov hlau uas sib txuas ua ke ua rau muaj cua sov thiab kub nce siab. Ntau cov xov hlau uas sib txuas ua ke (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis muaj qhov sib nrug lossis hauv tib lub raj xa dej) yuav tsum raug txo qis raws li tus lej, kev teeb tsa (kov / tsis kov).
(4) Kev Nyuaj Siab Txog Kev Siv Tshuab:
Lub zog tensile: Rau kev teeb tsa ntsug lossis rub ntev, xav txog qhov hnyav ntawm cable thiab rub lub zog; xaiv cov cables nrog lub zog tensile txaus (piv txwv li, hlau hlau armored).
Siab/Kev Cuam Tshuam: Cov xov hlau uas faus ncaj qha yuav tsum tiv taus cov khoom thauj ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev khawb av; cov xov hlau uas tau teeb tsa rau hauv lub tais yuav raug nias. Kev tiv thaiv (daim kab xev hlau, hlau xaim) muab kev tiv thaiv zoo.
Qhov Tig Radius: Thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab tig, qhov tig radius ntawm cable yuav tsum tsis txhob me dua qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas tso cai, kom tsis txhob ua rau cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev thiab lub hnab puas tsuaj.
(5) Kev Phom Sij Rau Ib Puag Ncig:
Kev Xeb Tshuaj: Cov chaw tsim tshuaj, cov chaw tsim dej khib nyiab, cov chaw muaj pa dej ntsev ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv xav tau cov ntaub thaiv uas tiv taus xeb (piv txwv li, PVC, LSZH, PE) thiab/lossis cov txheej sab nraud. Tej zaum yuav xav tau cov khoom tiv thaiv uas tsis yog hlau (piv txwv li, iav fiber).
Kev Ua Phem Rau Roj: Cov chaw khaws roj, cov chaw ua haujlwm machining xav tau cov hnab tiv taus roj (piv txwv li, PVC tshwj xeeb, CPE, CSP).
Kev Raug UV: Cov xov hlau sab nraum zoov xav tau cov hnab tiv taus UV (piv txwv li, PE dub, PVC tshwj xeeb).
Cov nas/Termites: Qee thaj chaw xav tau cov xov hlau uas tiv taus cov nas/termites (cov hnab uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab, cov tsho tawv, cov hlau tiv thaiv).
Dej/Dej Nyob Hauv Qab: Cov chaw ntub dej lossis dej nyob hauv qab yuav tsum muaj cov qauv zoo uas thaiv dej/dej (piv txwv li, thaiv dej radial, lub plhaub hlau).
Huab Cua Tawg: Yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob tawg hauv thaj chaw txaus ntshai (piv txwv li, cov hluav taws kub hnyiab, LSZH, cov xov hlau uas muaj cov hlau rwb thaiv tsev).
3. Cov Qauv Cable & Kev Xaiv Khoom Siv
(1) Cov Khoom Siv Rwb Thaiv Tsev:
Polyethylene txuas nrog (XLPE)Kev ua haujlwm kub zoo heev (90 ° C), muaj zog ampacity siab, dielectric zoo, tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg, lub zog kho tshuab zoo. Siv dav rau cov xov hluav taws xob nruab nrab / qis voltage. Xaiv thawj zaug.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Tus nqi qis, txheej txheem tiav, tiv taus hluav taws zoo, qhov kub ua haujlwm qis dua (70 ° C), tawg yooj yim thaum kub qis, tso tawm cov pa roj halogen lom thiab cov pa luam yeeb ntom ntom thaum hlawv. Tseem siv dav tab sis ntau dua.
Roj Hmab Ethylene Propylene (EPR): Yooj yim hloov pauv, huab cua, ozone, tshuaj lom neeg tsis kam, kub ua haujlwm siab (90 ° C), siv rau cov khoom siv txawb, marine, mining cables. Tus nqi siab dua.
Lwm yam: Roj hmab silicone (>180°C), rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm cov pob zeb (MI - tus neeg xyuas tooj liab nrog magnesium oxide rwb thaiv tsev, kev ua haujlwm hluav taws zoo heev) rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
(2) Cov Khoom Siv Sheath:
PVC: Kev tiv thaiv zoo, tsis kub hnyiab, pheej yig, siv dav. Muaj halogen, pa luam yeeb lom thaum hlawv.
PE: Tiv taus dej noo thiab tshuaj lom neeg zoo heev, feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntaub thaiv sab nraud ntawm cov xov hlau uas faus ncaj qha. Tsis tshua muaj hluav taws kub.
Tsis Muaj Pa Luam Yeeb Tsawg Halogen (LSZH / LS0H / LSF)Tsis muaj pa luam yeeb ntau, tsis muaj tshuaj lom (tsis muaj cov pa roj halogen acid), lub teeb ci ntsa iab thaum hlawv. Yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv cov chaw pej xeem (xws li cov chaw hauv av, cov khw loj, cov tsev kho mob, cov tsev siab).
Polyolefin uas tsis kub hnyiab: Ua tau raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb uas tsis kub hnyiab.
Kev xaiv yuav tsum xav txog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig (roj, huab cua, UV) thiab kev xav tau kev tiv thaiv tshuab.
(3) Cov Txheej Txheem Tiv Thaiv:
Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Tus Neeg Txuas: Yuav tsum muaj rau cov xov hluav taws xob nruab nrab/siab (>3.6/6kV), ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm tus neeg txuas sib npaug.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Rwb Thaiv: Yuav tsum muaj rau cov xov hluav taws xob nruab nrab / siab, ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub thaiv hluav taws xob rau kev tswj hwm thaj chaw tiav.
Kev Tiv Thaiv/Tawv Hlau: Muab EMC (tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam/txo cov pa phem) thiab/lossis txoj kev luv luv (yuav tsum tau earthed) thiab kev tiv thaiv mechanical. Cov hom ntawv feem ntau: daim kab xev tooj liab, hlau tooj liab braid (shielding + txoj kev luv luv), daim kab xev hlau armor (kev tiv thaiv mechanical), hlau hlau armor (tensile + kev tiv thaiv mechanical), txhuas sheath (shielding + radial dej-blocking + kev tiv thaiv mechanical).
(4) Hom Kev Ua Ruaj Ntseg:
Hlau Hlau Armoured (SWA): Kev tiv thaiv zoo heev compressive thiab dav dav tensile, rau kev faus ncaj qha lossis kev tiv thaiv tshuab.
Galvanized Wire Armoured (GWA): Lub zog tensile siab, rau kev khiav ntsug, qhov dav loj, kev teeb tsa hauv qab dej.
Cov Khoom Siv Uas Tsis Yog Hlau: Daim kab xev iav fiber, muab lub zog kho tshuab thaum tsis yog hlau nplaum, lub teeb yuag, tiv taus corrosion, rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
4. Kev Nyab Xeeb & Cov Cai Tswjfwm
(1) Kev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws:
Xaiv cov xov hlau uas ua tau raws li cov qauv hluav taws kub (piv txwv li, IEC 60332-1/3 rau ib qho/bunched hluav taws kub retardancy, BS 6387 CWZ rau hluav taws kub tsis kam, GB/T 19666) raws li kev pheej hmoo hluav taws kub thiab kev xav tau kev khiav tawm. Cov chaw pej xeem thiab cov chaw khiav tawm uas nyuaj rau kev khiav tawm yuav tsum siv cov xov hlau LSZH uas tsis kub.
(2) Kev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws:
Rau cov voj voog tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj zog thaum muaj hluav taws (twj tso kua hluav taws, kiv cua pa luam yeeb, teeb pom kev thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, lub tswb ceeb toom), siv cov xov hluav taws uas tiv taus hluav taws (piv txwv li, MI cables, mica-taped organic insulated structures) uas tau sim rau cov qauv (piv txwv li, BS 6387, IEC 60331, GB/T 19216).
(3) Tsis Muaj Halogen & Haus Luam Yeeb Tsawg:
Yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev nyab xeeb siab thiab kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv (cov chaw thauj mus los, cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, cov tsev kho mob, cov tsev loj rau pej xeem).
(4) Kev Ua Raws Li Cov Qauv & Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj:
Cov cables yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv thiab daim ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum tau ua hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm (piv txwv li, CCC hauv Suav teb, CE hauv EU, BS hauv UK, UL hauv Tebchaws Meskas).
5. Kev Lag Luam thiab Tus Nqi ntawm Lub Neej
Tus Nqi Pib Ua Lag Luam: Tus nqi ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cov khoom siv (cov pob qij txha, cov qhov txuas).
Tus Nqi Txhim Kho: Sib txawv nrog qhov loj ntawm cable, qhov hnyav, kev ywj pheej, thiab yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa.
Tus Nqi Poob Haujlwm: Kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus neeg txuas hluav taws xob ua rau muaj kev poob I²R. Cov neeg txuas hluav taws xob loj dua thaum pib kim dua tab sis txo qhov kev poob mus sij hawm ntev.
Tus Nqi Txij Nkawm: Cov xov hlau txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov muaj cov nqi txij nkawm qis dua.
Lub Neej Siv Tau: Cov xov hlau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw zoo tuaj yeem kav ntev tshaj 30 xyoo. Soj ntsuam kom meej kom tsis txhob xaiv cov xov hlau tsis zoo lossis tsis zoo raws li tus nqi pib xwb.
6. Lwm Yam Yuav Tsum Xav Txog
Kev Ua Raws Li Theem & Kev Cim: Rau cov xov hlau ntau lub plawv lossis kev teeb tsa sib cais theem, xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev ua raws li theem thiab cov xim coding raug (raws li cov qauv hauv zos).
Kev Sib Txuas Av & Kev Sib Txuas Equipotential: Cov hlau tiv thaiv thiab cov cuab yeej ua rog yuav tsum tau sib txuas av kom ruaj khov (feem ntau ntawm ob qho kawg) rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv.
Kev Tseg Qhov Ntev: Xav txog qhov ua tau yav tom ntej kev loj hlob ntawm kev thauj khoom lossis kev hloov pauv kev taw qhia, nce qhov seem hla lossis khaws cov voj voog seem yog tias xav tau.
Kev Sib Xws: Cov khoom siv cable (lugs, joints, terminations) yuav tsum phim hom cable, voltage, thiab conductor loj.
Kev Tsim Nyog thiab Qhov Zoo ntawm Tus Neeg Muag Khoom: Xaiv cov chaw tsim khoom uas muaj npe nrov thiab ruaj khov.
Rau kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev ntseeg siab, kev xaiv cov xov hlau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Ntawm ONE WORLD, peb muab ntau yam khoom siv hlau thiab cov xov hlau - suav nrog cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev, cov ntaub thaiv, cov kab xev, cov khoom sau, thiab cov xov - uas tau tsim los kom ua tau raws li ntau yam kev qhia thiab cov qauv, txhawb kev tsim thiab kev teeb tsa xov hlau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-15-2025