Aramid fiber, luv rau aromatic polyamide fiber, yog teev nyob rau hauv plaub lub fibers ua tau zoo siab uas tau muab tso ua ntej rau kev txhim kho hauv Suav teb, nrog rau carbon fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE), thiab basalt fiber. Ib yam li nylon ib txwm muaj, aramid fiber yog tsev neeg ntawm polyamide fibers, nrog rau amide bonds hauv cov saw hlau molecular tseem ceeb. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas: nylon's amide bonds txuas nrog aliphatic pawg, thaum aramid's yog conjugated nrog benzene rings. Cov qauv molecular tshwj xeeb no muab aramid fiber siab heev axial zog (> 20cN / dtex) thiab modulus (> 500GPa), ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv nyiam rau kev txhawb nqa cov cables siab.
Hom Aramid Fiber
Cov fiber aramidfeem ntau suav nrog cov fibers polyamide uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab tag nrho thiab cov fibers heterocyclic aromatic polyamide, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua ortho-aramid, para-aramid (PPTA), thiab meta-aramid (PMTA). Ntawm cov no, meta-aramid thiab para-aramid yog cov uas tau raug kev lag luam. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov qauv molecular, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob qho no nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom hauv lub nplhaib benzene uas cov amide bond txuas nrog. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv no ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab kev ruaj khov thermal.
Para-Aramid
Para-aramid, lossis poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), tseem hu ua Aramid 1414 hauv Suav teb, yog cov polymer siab linear nrog ntau dua 85% ntawm nws cov amide bonds txuas ncaj qha rau cov nplhaib aromatic. Cov khoom lag luam para-aramid zoo tshaj plaws yog DuPont's Kevlar® thiab Teijin's Twaron®, uas tswj hwm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Nws yog thawj cov fiber puas tau tsim los ntawm kev siv cov kua crystalline polymer spinning solution, coj mus rau lub sijhawm tshiab ntawm cov fibers synthetic ua tau zoo. Hauv cov khoom siv kho tshuab, nws lub zog tensile tuaj yeem ncav cuag 3.0–3.6 GPa, elastic modulus 70–170 GPa, thiab elongation thaum tawg 2–4%. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb no muab nws cov txiaj ntsig tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv kev txhawb nqa cable optical, kev tiv thaiv ballistic, thiab lwm yam teb.
Meta-Aramid
Meta-aramid, lossis poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMTA), tseem hu ua Aramid 1313 hauv Suav teb, yog cov khoom siv organic uas tiv taus kub thiab siab. Nws cov qauv molecular muaj cov pab pawg amide txuas cov nplhaib meta-phenylene, tsim cov saw hlau zigzag linear ruaj khov los ntawm cov hydrogen bonds intermolecular muaj zog hauv 3D network. Cov qauv no muab cov fiber nrog kev tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo heev, kev ruaj khov thermal, thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Ib yam khoom ib txwm muaj yog DuPont's Nomex®, nrog Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) ntawm 28-32, qhov kub hloov iav ntawm kwv yees li 275 ° C, thiab qhov kub ua haujlwm tas mus li saum 200 ° C, ua rau nws siv dav hauv cov xov hluav taws thiab cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev kub.
Cov Khoom Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Aramid Fiber
Cov fiber aramid muaj zog heev, modulus siab, tiv taus cua sov, tiv taus kua qaub thiab alkali, qhov hnyav tsawg, rwb thaiv tsev, tiv taus kev laus, lub neej ntev, kev ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg, tsis muaj cov dej yaj thaum lub sijhawm hlawv, thiab cov pa roj tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Los ntawm kev siv cable, para-aramid ua tau zoo dua meta-aramid hauv kev tiv taus cua sov, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias tas mus li ntawm -196 txog 204 ° C thiab tsis muaj kev lwj lossis yaj ntawm 500 ° C. Cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Para-aramid suav nrog lub zog heev, modulus siab, tiv taus cua sov, tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg, thiab qhov ceev qis. Nws lub zog tshaj 25 g / dtex - 5 txog 6 npaug ntawm cov hlau zoo, 3 npaug ntawm fiberglass, thiab ob npaug ntawm cov xov nylon muaj zog siab. Nws cov modulus yog 2-3 npaug ntawm cov hlau lossis fiberglass thiab 10 npaug ntawm cov nylon muaj zog siab. Nws yog ob npaug ntawm cov hlau tawv thiab hnyav tsuas yog li ntawm 1/5 ntawm ntau npaum li cas, ua rau nws zoo tshwj xeeb rau kev siv ua kev txhawb nqa hauv cov xov hlau kho qhov muag, cov xov hlau hauv qab dej, thiab lwm yam xov hlau siab.
Cov Khoom Siv Kho Tshuab ntawm Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid yog ib hom polymer uas muaj zog tawg ntau dua li polyester, paj rwb, lossis nylon. Nws muaj qhov ntev ntev, mos mos, thiab muaj peev xwm tig tau zoo, thiab tuaj yeem tsim ua cov xov luv luv lossis cov xov ntawm ntau yam denier. Nws tuaj yeem tig mus rau hauv cov ntaub thiab cov ntaub tsis yog woven siv cov tshuab textile txheem thiab ua tiav kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tiv thaiv khaub ncaws ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam. Hauv kev rwb thaiv tsev hluav taws xob, meta-aramid cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab tiv taus cua sov sawv tawm. Nrog LOI ntau dua 28, nws yuav tsis txuas ntxiv hlawv tom qab tawm hauv nplaim taws. Nws qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws yog intrinsic rau nws cov qauv tshuaj, ua rau nws mus tas li hluav taws-retardant - tiv taus kev poob haujlwm vim ntxuav lossis siv ntev. Meta-aramid muaj kev ruaj khov thermal zoo heev, nrog kev siv tas mus li ntawm 205 ° C thiab muaj zog khaws cia txawm tias qhov kub siab dua 205 ° C. Nws qhov kub decomposition siab, thiab nws tsis yaj lossis ntws ntawm qhov kub siab, tsuas yog pib carbonize saum 370 ° C. Cov khoom no ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev txhawb nqa hauv cov cables kub lossis tiv taus hluav taws.
Kev Ruaj Ntseg Tshuaj ntawm Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid muaj kev tiv taus zoo heev rau feem ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov kua qaub inorganic uas muaj concentrated, txawm hais tias nws rhiab heev rau cov kua qaub sulfuric thiab nitric uas muaj concentrated. Nws kuj muaj kev tiv taus alkali zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob ntawm Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid ua rau pom kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob zoo heev. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntev raug rau 1.2 × 10⁻² W / cm² ultraviolet lub teeb thiab 1.72 × 10⁸ rad gamma rays, nws lub zog tseem tsis hloov pauv. Qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob zoo no ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov cables siv hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear thiab spacecraft.
Kev ruaj khov ntawm Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid kuj qhia tau tias nws tiv taus kev sib txhuam thiab tshuaj lom neeg zoo heev. Tom qab ntxuav 100 zaug, cov ntaub ua los ntawm meta-aramid uas tsim tawm hauv tebchaws tseem khaws tau ntau dua 85% ntawm nws lub zog tsim kua muag thawj. Hauv cov ntawv thov cable, qhov kev ruaj khov no ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab hluav taws xob mus sij hawm ntev.
Cov ntawv thov ntawm Aramid Fiber
Cov fiber aramid siv dav hauv Suav teb txoj kev lag luam aerospace, automotive, electromechanical, kev tsim kho, thiab kev ua si vim nws cov khoom siv zoo heev, tiv taus kub siab, thiab kev ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg. Nws suav hais tias yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm kev lag luam ua tau zoo. Tshwj xeeb, aramid ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas lus optical cables, fais fab cables, high-temperature-resistant cables, submarine cables, thiab tshwj xeeb cables.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Aerospace thiab Tub Rog
Cov fiber aramid muaj qhov ntom tsawg, muaj zog heev, thiab tiv taus xeb zoo heev. Nws siv dav hauv cov khoom siv ntawm cov tsheb aerospace, xws li cov log tsheb rocket thiab cov qauv radome broadband. Nws cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev thiab pom tseeb ntawm nthwv dej electromagnetic, txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub dav hlau thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb. Hauv kev tiv thaiv, aramid siv rau hauv cov tsho tiv thaiv mos txwv, cov kaus mom hlau, thiab cov thawv tiv thaiv tawg, ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau tiam tom ntej ntawm kev tiv thaiv tub rog hnyav.
Kev Tsim Kho thiab Kev Thauj Mus Los
Hauv kev lag luam kev tsim kho, cov fiber aramid yog siv rau kev txhawb nqa cov qauv thiab cov kab txuas choj vim nws lub teeb yuag, yooj ywm, thiab tiv taus xeb. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tau zoo hauv kev txhawb nqa cov qauv tsis sib xws. Hauv kev thauj mus los, aramid yog siv rau hauv cov ntaub hlua khi log tsheb rau tsheb thiab dav hlau. Cov log tsheb uas muaj aramid txhawb nqa muaj lub zog siab, tiv taus qhov tho, tiv taus kub, thiab lub neej ntev, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov tsheb ceev ceev niaj hnub thiab dav hlau.
Kev Lag Luam Hluav Taws Xob, Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob, thiab Cable
Aramid fiber muaj cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab hlau & cable, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov hauv qab no:
Cov Tswv Cuab Tensile hauv Optical Cables: Nrog lub zog tensile siab thiab modulus, aramid fiber ua haujlwm ua tus tswv cuab tensile hauv kev sib txuas lus optical cables, tiv thaiv cov fibers optical zoo los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv qab kev ntxhov siab thiab ua kom muaj kev sib kis ruaj khov.
Kev Txhawb Nqa Hauv Cov Cables: Hauv cov cables tshwj xeeb, cov cables hauv dej hiav txwv, cov cables fais fab, thiab cov cables uas tiv taus kub siab, aramid feem ntau yog siv ua lub hauv paus txhawb nqa lossis txheej armor. Piv rau cov hlau txhawb nqa, aramid muaj zog zoo dua ntawm qhov hnyav qis dua, ua rau lub cable muaj zog thiab ruaj khov.
Kev rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws: Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke Aramid muaj kev ruaj khov dielectric thiab thermal zoo heev. Lawv siv dav hauv cov txheej rwb thaiv tsev cable, cov tsho tiv thaiv hluav taws, thiab cov sheathing uas tsis muaj halogen. Daim ntawv Aramid, tom qab raug impregnated nrog cov xim rwb thaiv tsev, yog sib xyaw nrog cov mica ntuj rau kev siv hauv cov motors thiab transformers uas tiv taus kub siab.
Cov Cables Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws thiab Cov Tsheb Ciav Hlau: Aramid fiber qhov tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab kev ua kom sov ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev siv hauv cov cables nkoj, cov cables tsheb ciav hlau, thiab cov cables tiv thaiv hluav taws nuclear, qhov twg cov qauv kev nyab xeeb nruj heev.
EMC thiab Kev Nyhav: Aramid qhov kev pom tseeb zoo heev ntawm electromagnetic thiab qhov tsis tshua muaj dielectric tas li ua rau nws tsim nyog rau EMI shielding txheej, radar radomes, thiab optoelectronic kev koom ua ke, pab txhim kho kev sib raug zoo electromagnetic thiab txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub kaw lus.
Lwm Cov Ntawv Thov
Vim nws muaj cov aromatic rings ntau, aramid fiber muaj kev ruaj khov tshuaj zoo heev thiab tiv taus corrosion, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov hlua marine, cov cables drilling roj, thiab cov cables optical transmission hauv cov chaw nyuaj. Nws kuj tseem siv dav hauv cov khoom siv kis las zoo, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv, thiab cov nres tsheb, thiab tau txais kev pom zoo ua lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau ib puag ncig rau asbestos hauv kev siv sealing thiab rwb thaiv tsev, cov vaj huam sib luag rwb thaiv tsev thermal, thiab lwm yam khoom siv sealing, ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-31-2025