Hauv cov khoom siv hlau thiab cable, cov qauv tiv thaiv tau muab faib ua ob lub tswv yim sib txawv: kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv cov xov tooj cua teeb liab siab (xws li RF cables thiab cov xov tooj hluav taws xob) los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig sab nraud lossis los thaiv cov nthwv dej hluav taws xob sab nraud los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog cov xov tooj cua xa cov hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog (xws li cov xov tooj cua teeb liab thiab ntsuas), nrog rau txo kev cuam tshuam sib koom ntawm cov xov tooj cua. Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tsim los sib npaug cov teb hluav taws xob muaj zog ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus neeg xyuas hluav taws xob lossis qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov xov tooj cua hluav taws xob nruab nrab thiab siab.
1. Cov Qauv thiab Cov Kev Cai ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob muaj xws li kev tiv thaiv tus neeg coj hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv rwb thaiv tsev, thiab kev tiv thaiv hlau. Raws li cov qauv tseem ceeb, cov xov hluav taws xob uas muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntau dua 0.6/1 kV yuav tsum muaj txheej tiv thaiv hlau, uas tuaj yeem siv rau cov tub ntxhais rwb thaiv tsev lossis tag nrho cov tub ntxhais cable. Rau cov xov hluav taws xob uas muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsawg kawg yog 3.6/6 kV siv XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) rwb thaiv tsev, lossis cov xov hluav taws xob uas muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsawg kawg yog 3.6/6 kV siv EPR (ethylene propylene roj hmab) rwb thaiv tsev nyias (lossis rwb thaiv tsev tuab nrog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsawg kawg yog 6/10 kV), yuav tsum muaj cov qauv tiv thaiv semi-conductive sab hauv thiab sab nraud.
(1) Kev Tiv Thaiv Tus Neeg Coj thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Rwb Thaiv Kub
Kev Tiv Thaiv Tus Neeg Txuas Hluav Taws Xob (Kev Tiv Thaiv Semi-Conductive Sab Hauv): Qhov no yuav tsum yog cov hlau tsis yog hlau, muaj cov khoom siv extruded semi-conductive lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm daim kab xev semi-conductive qhwv ib ncig ntawm tus neeg txuas hluav taws xob ua raws li cov khoom siv extruded semi-conductive.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Rwb Thaiv (Kev Tiv Thaiv Semi-Conductive Sab Nraud): Qhov no yog extruded ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud ntawm txhua lub tub ntxhais rwb thaiv tsev thiab yog sib txuas nruj nreem rau lossis tev tawm ntawm cov txheej rwb thaiv tsev.
Cov txheej sab hauv thiab sab nraud uas tau extruded semi-conductive yuav tsum tau sib txuas nrog lub rwb thaiv tsev, nrog rau qhov sib txuas du uas tsis muaj cov cim qhia txog cov xov hlau, cov npoo ntse, cov khoom me me, kub hnyiab, lossis khawb. Qhov resistivity ua ntej thiab tom qab laus yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 1000 Ω·m rau cov txheej tiv thaiv ntawm cov xov hlau thiab tsis pub ntau tshaj 500 Ω·m rau cov txheej tiv thaiv ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev.
Cov ntaub thaiv sab hauv thiab sab nraud semi-conductive yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev sib xws (xws li cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) thiab ethylene propylene roj hmab (EPR)) nrog cov khoom ntxiv xws li carbon dub, cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kev laus, thiab ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Cov pa roj carbon dub yuav tsum tau faib sib npaug hauv cov polymer, tsis muaj kev sib sau ua ke lossis kev sib kis tsis zoo.
Qhov tuab ntawm cov txheej tiv thaiv semi-conductive sab hauv thiab sab nraud nce ntxiv nrog rau qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob. Vim tias lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov txheej rwb thaiv tsev siab dua ntawm sab hauv thiab qis dua ntawm sab nraud, qhov tuab ntawm cov txheej tiv thaiv semi-conductive kuj yuav tsum tuab dua ntawm sab hauv thiab nyias dua ntawm sab nraud. Rau cov cables ntsuas ntawm 6 ~ 10 ~ 35 kV, qhov tuab ntawm txheej sab hauv feem ntau yog txij li 0.5 ~ 0.6 ~ 0.8 hli.
(2) Kev Tiv Thaiv Hlau
Cov xov hlau uas muaj qhov hluav taws xob ntsuas siab dua 0.6/1 kV yuav tsum muaj ib txheej hlau tiv thaiv. Cov txheej hlau tiv thaiv yuav tsum npog sab nraud ntawm txhua lub tub ntxhais rwb thaiv tsev lossis lub tub ntxhais cable. Kev tiv thaiv hlau tuaj yeem muaj ib lossis ntau daim kab xev hlau, cov hlau braids, cov txheej concentric ntawm cov xov hlau, lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov xov hlau thiab daim kab xev.
Nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab cov tebchaws uas tsim kho lawm, qhov twg siv cov txheej txheem dual-circuit uas muaj kev tiv thaiv av thiab cov hluav taws xob luv luv siab dua, kev tiv thaiv hlau tooj liab feem ntau siv. Hauv Suav teb, arc suppression coil-grounded single-circuit power supply systems feem ntau yog siv ntau dua, yog li kev tiv thaiv kab xev tooj liab feem ntau yog siv. Cov chaw tsim khoom cable ua cov kab xev tooj liab tawv uas yuav los ntawm kev txiav thiab annealing kom mos ua ntej siv. Cov kab xev tooj liab mos yuav tsum ua raws li GB/T11091-2005 "Tooj Liab rau Cables".
Cov ntaub thaiv tooj liab yuav tsum muaj ib txheej ntawm cov ntaub thaiv tooj liab mos uas sib tshooj lossis ob txheej ntawm cov ntaub thaiv tooj liab mos uas muaj qhov sib txawv. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib tshooj yuav tsum yog 15% ntawm qhov dav ntawm daim kab xev, nrog rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov sib tshooj tsis pub tsawg dua 5%. Qhov tuab ntawm daim kab xev tooj liab yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 0.12 hli rau cov xov hlau ib leeg thiab tsis pub tsawg dua 0.10 hli rau cov xov hlau ntau lub. Qhov tuab tsawg kawg nkaus yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 90% ntawm tus nqi nominal.
Cov hlau tooj liab tiv thaiv muaj cov hlau tooj liab mos mos uas tsis muaj qhov txhab, nrog rau qhov chaw ruaj ntseg los ntawm cov hlau tooj liab lossis daim kab xev uas qhwv rov qab. Nws qhov kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum ua raws li GB/T3956-2008 "Conductors of Cables", thiab nws thaj chaw txiav txim siab raws li qhov muaj peev xwm tam sim no.
2. Cov Haujlwm ntawm Cov Txheej Tiv Thaiv thiab Lawv Txoj Kev Sib Raug Zoo nrog Cov Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob
(1) Cov Haujlwm ntawm Sab Hauv thiab Sab Nraud Semi-Conductive Shielding
Cov xov hlau feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ntau cov xov hlau uas muaj hlua khi thiab sib zog. Thaum lub sijhawm rwb thaiv tsev extrusion, qhov sib txawv hauv zos, burrs, lossis qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus neeg coj thiab txheej rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib sau ua ke ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, ua rau muaj kev tso tawm ib nrab thiab kev tso tawm ntoo, uas ua rau kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob poob qis. Los ntawm kev extruding ib txheej ntawm cov khoom siv semi-conductive (conductor shielding) ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus neeg coj thiab txheej rwb thaiv tsev, nws tuaj yeem sib txuas nrog lub rwb thaiv tsev. Txij li thaum txheej semi-conductive muaj tib lub peev xwm li tus neeg coj, txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, yog li tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ib nrab.
Ib yam li ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev sab nraud thiab lub plhaub hlau (lossis hlau tiv thaiv) kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tso tawm ib nrab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siab dua. Los ntawm kev rho tawm ib txheej ntawm cov khoom siv semi-conductive (kev tiv thaiv rwb thaiv tsev) rau ntawm qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev sab nraud, nws tsim ib qho chaw sib npaug nrog lub plhaub hlau, tshem tawm cov teebmeem hluav taws xob hauv qhov sib txawv thiab tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ib nrab.
(2) Cov Haujlwm ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Hlau
Cov haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv hlau muaj xws li: coj cov hluav taws xob capacitive hauv qab qhov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, ua haujlwm ua txoj hauv kev rau cov hluav taws xob luv luv (qhov txhaum), txwv lub zog hluav taws xob hauv cov rwb thaiv tsev (txo kev cuam tshuam electromagnetic rau qhov chaw sab nraud), thiab ua kom muaj cov hluav taws xob sib xws (cov hluav taws xob radial). Hauv peb-theem plaub-xaim systems, nws kuj ua haujlwm ua kab nruab nrab, nqa cov hluav taws xob tsis sib npaug, thiab muab cov dej tsis nkag radial.
3. Txog OW Cable
Ua ib lub tuam txhab ua khoom siv raw rau cov hlau thiab cable, OW Cable muab cov polyethylene zoo cross-linked (XLPE), daim kab xev tooj liab, cov hlau tooj liab, thiab lwm yam khoom siv tiv thaiv uas siv dav hauv kev tsim cov xov hluav taws xob, cov xov sib txuas lus, thiab cov xov tshwj xeeb. Peb cov khoom ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb, thiab peb cog lus tias yuav muab cov kev daws teeb meem tiv thaiv cable txhim khu kev qha rau peb cov neeg siv khoom.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-24-2025