Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas, kev faib tawm, kev tsim, txheej txheem thiab cov khoom siv ntawm silane cross-linked polyethylene insulating cov ntaub ntawv rau cov xaim thiab cable tau piav qhia luv luv, thiab qee cov yam ntxwv ntawm silane ib txwm hla-txuas polyethylene insulating cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim ntawv thov thiab siv nrog rau. cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam txog kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv tau qhia.
Ntsiab lus: Silane cross-linking; Ntuj sib txuas; Polyethylene; Rwb thaiv tsev; Hlau thiab cable
Silane cross-linked polyethylene cable khoom tam sim no tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam hlau thiab cable ua cov khoom siv insulating rau cov hluav taws xob qis hluav taws xob. Cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov kab txuas txuas txuas thiab cable, thiab peroxide cross-linking thiab irradiation cross-linking piv nrog cov khoom tsim khoom tsim nyog yog qhov yooj yim, yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab lwm yam zoo, tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv qis -voltage cross-linked cable nrog rwb thaiv tsev.
1.Silane cross-linked cable khoom cross-linking txoj cai
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb hauv kev ua silane cross-linked polyethylene: grafting thiab cross-linking. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem grafting, lub polymer poob nws H-atom ntawm tertiary carbon atom nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm dawb pib thiab pyrolysis mus rau hauv dawb radicals, uas reacts nrog rau - CH = CH2 pab pawg neeg ntawm vinyl silane los tsim ib tug grafted polymer uas muaj ib tug trioxysilyl ester. pab pawg. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas, cov graft polymer yog thawj zaug hydrolysed nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm dej los tsim silanol, thiab cov - OH condenses nrog cov nyob ib sab Si-OH pawg los tsim cov Si-O-Si daim ntawv cog lus, yog li cross-linking lub polymer. cov macromolecules.
2.Silane cross-linked cable khoom thiab nws txoj kev tsim cov cable
Raws li koj paub, muaj ob-kauj ruam thiab ib-kauj ruam ntau lawm txoj kev rau silane cross-linked cables thiab lawv cov cables. Qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kev ob-kauj ruam thiab ib-kauj ruam txoj kev yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov silane grafting txheej txheem yog nqa tawm, grafting txheej txheem ntawm lub cable khoom chaw tsim tshuaj paus rau ob-kauj ruam txoj kev, grafting txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub cable manufacturing cog rau lub ib-kauj ruam txoj kev. Ob-kauj ruam silane cross-linked polyethylene insulating cov khoom nrog cov khoom lag luam loj tshaj plaws yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv A thiab B, nrog rau cov khoom siv A yog polyethylene grafted nrog silane thiab B cov ntaub ntawv yog cov catalyst master batch. Tom qab ntawd cov tub ntxhais insulating yog cross-linked hauv dej sov los yog chav.
Muaj lwm hom ob-kauj ruam silane cross-linked polyethylene insulator, qhov twg cov khoom A yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev sib txawv, los ntawm kev qhia vinyl silane ncaj qha rau hauv polyethylene thaum lub sij hawm synthesis kom tau polyethylene nrog silane branched chains.
Txoj kev ib-kauj ruam kuj muaj ob hom, cov txheej txheem ib-kauj ruam yog ntau yam ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv raws li tus qauv nyob rau hauv qhov ratio ntawm tshwj xeeb precision metering system, rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb tsim tshwj xeeb extruder nyob rau hauv ib kauj ruam kom tiav cov grafting thiab extrusion ntawm cable rwb thaiv tsev tub ntxhais, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, tsis muaj granulation, tsis xav tau cov khoom siv cable cog kev koom tes, los ntawm cable Hoobkas ua kom tiav ib leeg. Qhov no ib-kauj ruam silane cross-linked cable ntau lawm khoom thiab formulation technology yog feem ntau mas los ntawm txawv teb chaws thiab yog kim.
Lwm hom ntawm ib-kauj ruam silane cross-linked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv yog tsim los ntawm cable cov ntaub ntawv manufacturers, yog tag nrho cov raw cov ntaub ntawv raws li tus qauv nyob rau hauv tus piv ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev sib tov ua ke, ntim thiab muag, tsis muaj A thiab B. cov khoom siv, cable cog tuaj yeem ncaj qha rau hauv extruder kom ua tiav ib kauj ruam tib lub sijhawm grafting thiab extrusion ntawm cable rwb thaiv tsev tub ntxhais. Lub cim tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj kev no yog tias tsis tas yuav muaj cov khoom kim heev tshwj xeeb extruders, raws li cov txheej txheem silane grafting tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv PVC extruder zoo tib yam, thiab ob-kauj ruam txoj kev tshem tawm qhov xav tau sib tov A thiab B cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej extrusion.
3. Formulation muaj pes tsawg leeg
Lub formulation ntawm silane cross-linked polyethylene cable cov khoom feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv cob, pib, silane, antioxidant, polymerization inhibitor, catalyst, thiab lwm yam.
(1) Lub hauv paus resin feem ntau yog qhov ntom ntom polyethylene (LDPE) resin nrog lub melt index (MI) ntawm 2, tab sis tsis ntev los no, nrog kev txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov nqi siab, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) kuj tau ua. siv los yog siv ib nrab los ua lub hauv paus cob rau cov khoom siv no. Cov resins sib txawv feem ntau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev sib txuas thiab kev sib txuas vim qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov qauv hauv macromolecular, yog li cov qauv yuav raug hloov kho los ntawm kev siv cov hauv paus sib txawv lossis tib hom resin los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv.
(2) Cov neeg pib siv feem ntau yog diisopropyl peroxide (DCP), qhov tseem ceeb yog kom tuav qhov teeb meem, tsawg dhau los ua rau silane grafting tsis txaus; ntau dhau los ua rau polyethylene cross-linking, uas txo nws cov fluidity, nto ntawm extruded rwb thaiv tsev core ntxhib, nyuaj rau nyem system. Raws li tus nqi ntawm cov pib ntxiv yog me me thiab rhiab heev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau disperse nws tusyees, yog li nws feem ntau ntxiv ua ke nrog cov silane.
(3) Silane feem ntau yog siv vinyl unsaturated silane, suav nrog vinyl trimethoxysilane (A2171) thiab vinyl triethoxysilane (A2151), vim qhov ceev hydrolysis ntawm A2171, yog li xaiv A2171 ntau tus neeg. Ib yam li ntawd, muaj ib qho teeb meem ntawm kev ntxiv silane, cov khoom siv cable tam sim no tau sim ua kom tiav nws cov kev txwv qis kom txo cov nqi, vim tias cov silane tuaj txawv teb chaws, tus nqi kim dua.
(4) Anti-oxidant yog los xyuas kom meej kev ruaj ntseg ntawm polyethylene ua thiab cable los tiv thaiv kev laus thiab ntxiv, anti-oxidant nyob rau hauv silane grafting txheej txheem muaj lub luag hauj lwm ntawm inhibiting grafting cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog li cov txheej txheem grafting, ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidant. yuav tsum ceev faj, tus nqi ntxiv los txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm DCP kom phim qhov kev xaiv. Hauv cov txheej txheem ob-kauj ruam sib txuas, feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv cov catalyst master batch, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem grafting. Nyob rau hauv ib-kauj ruam cross-linking txheej txheem, cov antioxidant yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov grafting txheej txheem, yog li kev xaiv ntawm hom thiab tus nqi yog qhov tseem ceeb dua. Feem ntau siv cov tshuaj antioxidants yog 1010, 168, 330, thiab lwm yam.
(5) Polymerization ntxiv rau hauv kev txiav txim rau qee cov kev sib txuas lus los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm C2C cross-txuas, yog li kev txhim kho Kev ua haujlwm fluidity, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm graft nyob rau hauv tib yam kev mob yuav ua ntej los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm silane nyob rau hauv lub polymerization inhibitor yuav txo tau cov hydrolysis ntawm grafted polyethylene, los txhim kho lub sij hawm ntev stability ntawm graft khoom.
(6) Catalysts feem ntau yog organotin derivatives (tshwj tsis yog kev sib txuas ntawm ntuj), feem ntau yog dibutyltin dilaurate (DBDTL), uas feem ntau ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm masterbatch. Nyob rau hauv ob-kauj ruam txheej txheem, cov graft (A cov khoom) thiab cov catalyst master batch (B khoom) yog ntim nyias thiab cov ntaub ntawv A thiab B yog tov ua ke ua ntej muab ntxiv rau lub extruder los tiv thaiv pre-crosslinking ntawm cov khoom A. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib-kauj ruam silane cross-linked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev, cov polyethylene nyob rau hauv lub pob tseem tsis tau grafted, yog li tsis muaj pre-cross-linking teeb meem thiab yog li ntawd lub catalyst tsis tas yuav tsum tau ntim nyias.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov silanes compounded muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, uas yog ib tug ua ke ntawm silane, initiator, antioxidant, ib co lubricants thiab anti-tooj liab agents, thiab feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv ib-kauj ruam silane cross-linking txoj kev nyob rau hauv cable nroj tsuag.
Yog li ntawd, cov formulation ntawm silane cross-linked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm uas tsis yog heev complex thiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas, tab sis tsim nyog formulations, yuav tsum tau ib co kev hloov nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua tiav, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug tag nrho. kev nkag siab txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom hauv kev tsim thiab kev cai lij choj ntawm lawv cov kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo thiab lawv cov kev sib raug zoo.
Nyob rau hauv ntau ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cable, silane cross-linked cable khoom (ob-kauj ruam los yog ib-kauj ruam) yog suav hais tias tsuas yog ntau yam ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv extrusion, lwm yam ntau yam xws li polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable khoom thiab polyethylene (PE) cov khoom siv cable, cov txheej txheem extrusion granulation yog cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm lub cev, txawm tias cov khoom siv sib txuas thiab irradiation cross-linking cable khoom, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem extrusion granulation, los yog extrusion system Cable, tsis muaj cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim. , yog li, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv, zus tau tej cov silane cross-linked cable khoom thiab cable rwb thaiv tsev extrusion, txheej txheem tswj yog tseem ceeb dua.
4. Ob-kauj ruam silane cross-linked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev txheej txheem ntau lawm
Kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm ob-kauj ruam silane cross-linked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev Cov khoom siv tau luv luv los ntawm daim duab 1.
Daim duab 1 Kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm ob-kauj ruam silane cross-linked polyethylene insulating khoom A
Qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ob-kauj ruam silane cross-linked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev:
(1) Qhuav. Raws li cov polyethylene resin muaj cov dej me me, thaum extruded ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov dej reacts sai nrog cov silyl pawg los tsim cross-linking, uas txo cov fluidity ntawm yaj thiab ua ntej-cross-linking. Cov khoom tiav kuj muaj cov dej tom qab dej txias, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib txuas ua ntej yog tias tsis tshem tawm, thiab yuav tsum tau qhuav. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau qhov zoo ntawm qhov ziab, siv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws sib sib zog nqus.
(2) Metering. Raws li qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom tsim yog ib qho tseem ceeb, feem ntau siv cov khoom poob-hauv-qhov hnyav hnyav. Cov polyethylene resin thiab antioxidant yog ntsuas thiab pub los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj pub ntawm lub extruder, thaum lub silane thiab cov neeg pib raug txhaj tshuaj los ntawm cov khoom siv kua twj tso kua mis hauv ob lossis peb lub thoob ntawm lub extruder.
(3) Extrusion grafting. Cov txheej txheem grafting ntawm silane yog ua tiav hauv extruder. Cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa ntawm lub extruder, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias, ntsia hlau ua ke, ntsia hlau ceev thiab pub tus nqi, yuav tsum ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas cov khoom nyob rau hauv thawj ntu ntawm lub extruder tuaj yeem ua tiav tag nrho molten thiab sib xyaw ua ke, thaum ntxov decomposition ntawm peroxide tsis xav tau. , thiab tias cov khoom siv tag nrho nyob rau hauv seem thib ob ntawm lub extruder yuav tsum tau decomposed tag nrho thiab cov txheej txheem grafting tiav, Hom extruder seem kub (LDPE) yog qhia nyob rau hauv Table 1.
Table 1 Kub ntawm ob-kauj ruam extruder zones
| Chaw ua haujlwm | Zone 1 | Zone 2 | Zone 3 ① | Zone 4 | Zone 5 |
| Qhov kub thiab txias P ° C | 140 | 145 | 120 | 160 | 170 |
| Chaw ua haujlwm | Zone 6 | Zone 7 | Zone 8 | Zone 9 | Qhov ncauj tuag |
| Qhov kub thiab txias ° C | 180 | 190 | 195 | 205 | 195 |
① yog qhov twg silane ntxiv.
Qhov ceev ntawm cov ntsia hlau extruder txiav txim siab lub sijhawm nyob thiab qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv hauv extruder, yog tias lub sijhawm nyob hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, peroxide decomposition tsis tiav; Yog tias lub sijhawm nyob ntev dhau lawm, viscosity ntawm cov khoom extruded nce. Feem ntau, lub sij hawm nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov granule nyob rau hauv lub extruder yuav tsum tau tswj nyob rau hauv lub pib decomposition ib nrab-lub neej ntawm 5-10 zaug. Pub ceev tsis tsuas yog muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm nyob ntawm cov khoom siv, tab sis kuj tseem nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw thiab shearing ntawm cov khoom, xaiv qhov tsim nyog pub ceev kuj tseem ceeb heev.
(4) Ntim. Ob-kauj ruam silane cross-linked insulating cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ntim rau hauv txhuas-yas composite hnab nyob rau hauv ncaj qha huab cua kom tshem tawm noo noo.
5. Ib-kauj ruam silane cross-linked polyethylene insulating khoom txheej txheem ntau lawm
Ib-kauj ruam silane cross-linked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv vim hais tias ntawm nws cov txheej txheem grafting yog nyob rau hauv lub cable Hoobkas extrusion ntawm cable rwb thaiv tsev tub ntxhais, yog li ntawd lub cable rwb thaiv tsev extrusion kub yog ho siab tshaj li ob-kauj ruam txoj kev. Txawm hais tias ib-kauj ruam silane cross-linked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev mis tau raug txiav txim siab tag nrho hauv kev tawg sai ntawm cov pib thiab silane thiab cov ntaub ntawv shear, tab sis cov txheej txheem grafting yuav tsum tau lees paub los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas yog ib-kauj ruam silane cross-linked polyethylene. rwb thaiv tsev ntau lawm cog lus hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov raug xaiv ntawm extrusion kub, qhov kev pom zoo extrusion kub yog qhia nyob rau hauv Table 2.
Table 2 Ib-kauj ruam extruder kub ntawm txhua cheeb tsam (unit: ℃)
| Zone | Zone 1 | Zone 2 | Zone 3 | Zone 4 | Flange | Lub taub hau |
| Kub | 160 | 190 | 200-210 | 220-230 Nws | 230 | 230 |
Qhov no yog ib qho tsis muaj zog ntawm ib-kauj ruam silane cross-linked polyethylene txheej txheem, uas feem ntau tsis tas yuav tsum tau thaum extruding cables hauv ob kauj ruam.
6. Cov khoom siv ntau lawm
Cov khoom siv ntau lawm yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem. Kev tsim cov silane cross-linked cables yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas cov txheej txheem siab heev, yog li kev xaiv cov cuab yeej tsim khoom tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb.
Kev tsim khoom ntawm ob-kauj ruam silane cross-linked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev khoom Ib qho khoom siv ntau lawm, tam sim no ntau dua hauv tsev isotropic parallel twin-screw extruder nrog cov khoom hnyav uas tsis muaj qhov hnyav, cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem tswj kev raug, kev xaiv ntawm qhov ntev thiab txoj kab uas hla lub ntxaib-ntsia hlau extruder los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom nyob rau lub sij hawm, kev xaiv ntawm imported weightless hnyav los xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom xyaw. Tau kawg, muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau muab rau tag nrho.
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, ib-kauj ruam silane cross-linked cable ntau lawm cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv cable cog yog mas, kim, domestic khoom manufacturers tsis muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws, yog vim li cas yog tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov khoom manufacturers thiab cov qauv thiab cov txheej txheem soj ntsuam.
7.Silane natural cross-linked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev khoom
Silane natural cross-linked polyethylene insulating cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no tuaj yeem sib txuas hauv cov xwm txheej ntuj nyob rau hauv ob peb hnub, tsis muaj chav dej lossis dej sov. Piv nrog rau cov tsoos silane cross-linking txoj kev, cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem txo cov txheej txheem ntau lawm rau cov tuam txhab cable, ntxiv txo cov nqi tsim khoom thiab nce kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm. Silane ib txwm hla-txuas polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev yog nce paub thiab siv los ntawm cable manufacturers.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, domestic silane natural cross-linked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev tau matured thiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau, nrog rau tej yam zoo ntawm tus nqi piv rau cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws.
7. 1 Formulation tswv yim rau silane lawm cross-linked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev
Silane natural cross-linked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev yog tsim nyob rau hauv ob-kauj ruam txheej txheem, nrog tib formulation muaj xws li puag resin, pib, silane, antioxidant, polymerisation inhibitor thiab catalyst. Lub formulation ntawm silane ntuj ntoo khaub lig-txuas polyethylene insulators yog raws li nyob rau hauv silane grafting tus nqi ntawm cov khoom A thiab xaiv ib tug ntau npaum catalyst tshaj silane dej sov cross-linked polyethylene insulators. Kev siv A cov ntaub ntawv nrog ntau dua silane grafting tus nqi ua ke nrog cov catalyst muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yuav ua rau cov silane cross-linked polyethylene insulator kom hla kev sib txuas sai sai txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias tsis txaus.
A-cov ntaub ntawv rau silane imported ib txwm hla-txuas polyethylene insulators yog synthesized los ntawm copolymerisation, qhov twg cov ntsiab lus silane tuaj yeem tswj tau nyob rau theem siab, whereas cov khoom ntawm A-cov ntaub ntawv nrog siab grafting tus nqi los ntawm grafting silane yog nyuaj. Lub hauv paus cob, pib thiab silane siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia yuav tsum tau sib txawv thiab kho nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntau yam thiab ntxiv.
Kev xaiv ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab kev hloov kho ntawm nws cov koob tshuaj kuj tseem ceeb heev, vim tias qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov kab mob silane inevitably ua rau ntau dua CC crosslinking sab cuam tshuam. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm fluidity thiab qhov chaw saum npoo ntawm A cov khoom siv rau kev txuas txuas txuas ntxiv tom ntej, tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm polymerization inhibitor yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo inhibit CC crosslinking thiab ua ntej-crosslinking.
Tsis tas li ntawd, catalysts ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nce tus nqi sib txuas thiab yuav tsum tau xaiv los ua cov catalysts uas muaj kev hloov pauv tsis muaj hlau.
7. 2 Crosslinking lub sij hawm ntawm silane lawm crosslinked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev
Lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav qhov kev sib txuas ntawm silane natural cross-linked polyethylene rwb thaiv tsev hauv nws lub xeev ntuj yog nyob ntawm qhov kub, av noo thiab thickness ntawm rwb thaiv tsev txheej. Qhov siab dua qhov kub thiab av noo, qhov thinner lub thickness ntawm rwb thaiv tsev txheej, lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm crosslinking yuav tsum tau, thiab ntev dua qhov opposite. Raws li qhov kub thiab av noo sib txawv ntawm ib cheeb tsam mus rau ib cheeb tsam thiab los ntawm lub caij mus rau lub caij, txawm nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhov kub thiab av noo niaj hnub no thiab tag kis yuav txawv. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv cov khoom siv, tus neeg siv yuav tsum txiav txim siab lub sijhawm sib txuas raws li lub hauv paus thiab qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo, nrog rau cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cable thiab thickness ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev txheej.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-13-2022