Cov ntaub thaiv uas siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hlau thiab cable muaj ob lub tswv yim sib txawv kiag li: kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yog tsim los tiv thaiv cov cables xa cov teeb liab siab (xws li RF cables thiab cov cables hluav taws xob) los ntawm kev ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud lossis thaiv cov nthwv dej hluav taws xob sab nraud los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog cov cables uas xa cov hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog (xws li cov cables teeb liab lossis ntsuas), nrog rau txo cov lus sib tham ntawm cov xov hlau. Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yog tsim los sib npaug lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus neeg xyuas hluav taws xob lossis qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov cables hluav taws xob nruab nrab thiab siab.
1. Cov Qauv thiab Cov Kev Cai ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob suav nrog kev tiv thaiv tus neeg coj hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv rwb thaiv tsev, thiab kev tiv thaiv hlau. Raws li cov qauv tseem ceeb, cov xov hluav taws xob uas muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntau dua 0.6/1kV yuav tsum muaj ib txheej tiv thaiv hlau, uas tuaj yeem siv rau txhua lub hauv paus rwb thaiv tsev lossis rau cov hauv paus cable ntau lub hauv paus. Rau cov xov hluav taws xob XLPE-insulated nrog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsawg kawg yog 3.6/6kV thiab EPR cov xov hluav taws xob nyias-insulated nrog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsawg kawg yog 3.6/6kV (lossis cov xov hluav taws xob tuab-insulated nrog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsawg kawg yog 6/10kV), cov qauv tiv thaiv semi-conductive sab hauv thiab sab nraud kuj xav tau.
(1) Kev Tiv Thaiv Tus Neeg Coj thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Rwb Thaiv Kub
Cov ntaub thaiv ntawm tus neeg xyuas hluav taws xob (cov ntaub thaiv sab hauv semi-conductive) yuav tsum tsis yog hlau, muaj cov khoom siv extruded semi-conductive lossis daim kab xev semi-conductive qhwv ib ncig ntawm tus neeg xyuas hluav taws xob ua raws li txheej extruded semi-conductive.
Cov ntaub thaiv rwb thaiv tsev (cov ntaub thaiv sab nraud semi-conductive) yog ib txheej semi-conductive uas tsis yog hlau uas raug rho tawm ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud ntawm txhua lub tub ntxhais rwb thaiv tsev, uas tuaj yeem sib txuas nrog lossis tev tawm ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev. Cov txheej sab hauv thiab sab nraud semi-conductive uas raug rho tawm yuav tsum tau sib txuas nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev, nrog rau cov interfaces du, tsis muaj cov cim strand pom tseeb, thiab tsis muaj cov npoo ntse, cov khoom me me, cov cim kub hnyiab, lossis khawb. Qhov resistivity ua ntej thiab tom qab laus yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1000 Ω·m rau cov txheej tiv thaiv conductor thiab 500 Ω·m rau cov txheej tiv thaiv rwb thaiv tsev.
Cov ntaub thaiv sab hauv thiab sab nraud semi-conductive yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev sib xws (xws li cross-linked polyethylene, ethylene-propylene roj hmab, thiab lwm yam) nrog carbon dub, antioxidants, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, thiab lwm yam additives. Cov pa roj carbon dub yuav tsum tau sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov polymer, tsis muaj agglomeration lossis dispersion tsis zoo.
Qhov tuab ntawm cov txheej tiv thaiv semi-conductive sab hauv thiab sab nraud nce nrog rau qib voltage. Vim tias lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov txheej rwb thaiv tsev siab dua sab hauv thiab qis dua sab nraud, qhov tuab ntawm cov txheej tiv thaiv semi-conductive kuj yuav tsum loj dua sab hauv dua li sab nraud. Yav dhau los, cov txheej tiv thaiv semi-conductive sab nraud tau ua kom tuab dua li sab hauv kom tiv thaiv kev khawb vim tsis zoo tswj kev sag lossis kev punctures los ntawm cov kab xev tooj liab tawv dhau. Tam sim no, nrog rau kev saib xyuas sag online tsis siv neeg thiab cov kab xev tooj liab mos annealed, cov txheej tiv thaiv semi-conductive sab hauv yuav tsum tau ua kom tuab dua lossis sib npaug rau cov txheej sab nraud. Rau 6-10-35 kV cables, qhov tuab ntawm txheej sab hauv feem ntau yog 0.5-0.6-0.8 hli.
(2) Kev Tiv Thaiv Hlau
Cov xov hlau uas muaj qhov hluav taws xob ntsuas siab dua 0.6/1kV yuav tsum muaj ib txheej hlau tiv thaiv. Cov txheej hlau tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau siv rau txhua lub tub ntxhais rwb thaiv tsev lossis lub hauv paus cable. Kev tiv thaiv hlau yuav tsum muaj ib lossis ntau daim kab xev hlau, cov hlau braids, cov txheej hlau concentric, lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cov kab xev hlau.
Nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab lwm lub tebchaws uas muaj kev vam meej, vim yog siv cov txheej txheem ob-circuit uas muaj cov hluav taws xob luv luv dua, kev tiv thaiv hlau tooj liab feem ntau siv. Qee lub tuam txhab tsim khoom muab cov hlau tooj liab tso rau hauv lub plhaub sib cais lossis lub plhaub sab nraud kom txo qhov loj ntawm cov xov hlau. Hauv Suav teb, tshwj tsis yog qee qhov project tseem ceeb uas siv cov txheej txheem ob-circuit uas muaj cov hluav taws xob luv luv, feem ntau cov txheej txheem siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib-circuit uas muaj arc-suppression coil-grounded, uas txwv cov hluav taws xob luv luv kom tsawg kawg nkaus, yog li kev tiv thaiv daim kab xev tooj liab tuaj yeem siv tau. Cov chaw tsim khoom cable ua cov kab xev tooj liab tawv uas yuav los ntawm kev txiav thiab annealing kom ua tiav qee qhov elongation thiab tensile zog (nyuaj dhau yuav khawb cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv rwb thaiv tsev, mos dhau yuav wrinkle) ua ntej siv. Cov kab xev tooj liab mos yuav tsum ua raws li GB / T11091-2005 Daim Kab Xev Tooj Liab rau Cables.
Cov ntaub thaiv tooj liab yuav tsum muaj ib txheej ntawm cov ntaub thaiv tooj liab mos uas sib tshooj lossis ob txheej ntawm cov ntaub thaiv tooj liab mos uas qhwv nrog qhov sib txawv. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib tshooj ntawm cov ntaub thaiv tooj liab yuav tsum yog 15% ntawm nws qhov dav (tus nqi nominal), thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov sib tshooj yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 5%. Qhov tuab nominal ntawm cov ntaub thaiv tooj liab yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 0.12 hli rau cov xov hlau ib leeg thiab tsawg kawg 0.10 hli rau cov xov hlau ntau lub. Qhov tuab tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov ntaub thaiv tooj liab yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 90% ntawm tus nqi nominal. Nyob ntawm qhov txoj kab uas hla sab nraud ntawm cov ntaub thaiv rwb thaiv tsev (≤25 hli lossis >25 hli), qhov dav ntawm cov ntaub thaiv tooj liab feem ntau yog 30-35 hli.
Cov hlau tooj liab tiv thaiv yog ua los ntawm cov hlau tooj liab mos uas muaj qhov txhab uas sib txuas ua ke, thiab muaj cov hlau tooj liab lossis cov ntaub nplaum tooj liab qhwv ua ke. Nws qhov kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm GB/T3956-2008 Conductors of Cables, thiab nws thaj tsam txiav txim siab raws li qhov muaj peev xwm tam sim no. Cov hlau tooj liab tiv thaiv tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm lub plhaub sab hauv ntawm cov xov hlau peb-core lossis ncaj qha rau ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev, txheej txheej sab nraud semi-conductive, lossis lub plhaub sab hauv ntawm cov xov hlau ib-core. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov xov hlau tooj liab sib ze yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 4 hli. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib txawv G yog xam siv cov mis:
qhov twg:
D - txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub cable core nyob rau hauv lub tooj liab hlau shielding, nyob rau hauv mm;
d - txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov hlau tooj liab, hauv mm;
n - tus naj npawb ntawm cov xov hlau tooj liab.
2. Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Cov Txheej Tiv Thaiv thiab Lawv Txoj Kev Sib Raug Zoo rau Cov Qib Voltage
(1) Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Sab Hauv thiab Sab Nraud Semi-Conductive Shielding
Feem ntau cov xov hlau conductors raug nias los ntawm ntau cov xov hlau uas muaj hlua khi. Thaum lub sijhawm rwb thaiv tsev extrusion, qhov sib txawv, burrs, thiab lwm yam tsis sib xws ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus conductor thiab txheej rwb thaiv tsev, ua rau muaj kev sib sau ua ke ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua hauv zos thiab kev tso tawm ntoo, thiab txo qhov kev ua haujlwm dielectric. Los ntawm kev extruding ib txheej ntawm cov khoom siv semi-conductive (conductor shielding) hla qhov chaw ntawm tus conductor, nws ua kom muaj kev sib cuag nruj nrog lub rwb thaiv tsev. Vim tias txheej semi-conductive thiab tus conductor nyob ntawm tib lub peev xwm, txawm tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv, yuav tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, yog li tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ib nrab.
Ib yam li ntawd, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev sab nraud thiab lub plhaub hlau (lossis hlau tiv thaiv), thiab qhov siab dua qhov voltage theem, qhov yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua. Los ntawm kev extruding ib txheej semi-conductive (insulation shielding) rau ntawm qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev sab nraud, ib qho chaw sab nraud equipotential yog tsim nrog lub plhaub hlau, tshem tawm cov teb hluav taws xob hauv qhov sib txawv thiab tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ib nrab.
(2) Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Hlau
Cov haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv hlau suav nrog: nqa cov hluav taws xob capacitive nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, ua haujlwm ua txoj hauv kev rau cov hluav taws xob luv luv thaum muaj qhov tsis zoo; txwv lub zog hluav taws xob hauv cov rwb thaiv tsev (txo cov kev cuam tshuam electromagnetic sab nraud) thiab ua kom muaj lub zog hluav taws xob radial sib xws; ua haujlwm ua kab nruab nrab hauv peb-theem plaub-xaim systems kom nqa cov hluav taws xob tsis sib npaug; thiab muab kev tiv thaiv dej radial.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-28-2025