Cov Txheej Txheem Npog Hlau thiab Cable: Ib Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Txuj Ci thiab Cov Thev Naus Laus Zis

Cov xov hlau thiab cov cables, ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev xa hluav taws xob thiab kev sib txuas lus, muaj kev ua tau zoo uas nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev thiab sheathing. Nrog rau kev sib txawv ntawm cov kev xav tau niaj hnub no rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cable, plaub txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb - extrusion, longitudinal wrapping, helical wrapping, thiab dip coating - qhia txog qhov zoo tshwj xeeb hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej. Tsab xov xwm no delves rau hauv kev xaiv cov khoom siv, cov txheej txheem ntws, thiab cov xwm txheej siv ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev, muab lub hauv paus theoretical rau kev tsim cable thiab kev xaiv.

1. Txheej Txheem Extrusion

1.1 Cov Txheej Txheem Khoom Siv

Cov txheej txheem extrusion feem ntau siv cov khoom siv thermoplastic lossis thermosetting polymer:

① Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Tus nqi qis, yooj yim ua, tsim nyog rau cov xov hluav taws xob tsawg (piv txwv li, UL 1061 tus qauv cables), tab sis tsis tiv taus cua sov (siv kub ntev ≤70 ° C).
②Polyethylene txuas nrog (XLPE)Los ntawm kev siv peroxide lossis irradiation cross-linking, qhov ntsuas kub nce mus txog 90 ° C (IEC 60502 tus qauv), siv rau cov xov hluav taws xob nruab nrab thiab siab.
③ Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU): Kev tiv taus kev sib txhuam ua tau raws li ISO 4649 Qib A, siv rau cov xov hlau rub hlau.
④ Fluoroplastics (piv txwv li, FEP): Tiv taus kub siab (200 ° C) thiab tshuaj lom neeg xeb, ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm aerospace cable MIL-W-22759.

1.2 Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem

Siv lub tshuab extruder ntsia hlau kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv mus:

① Kev Tswj Kub: XLPE xav tau kev tswj kub peb theem (cheeb tsam pub 120 ° C → thaj tsam nias 150 ° C → thaj tsam homogenizing 180 ° C).
② Kev Tswj Qhov Thickness: Eccentricity yuav tsum yog ≤5% (raws li tau teev tseg hauv GB / T 2951.11).
③ Txoj Kev Txias: Txias gradient hauv lub dab dej kom tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm kev ntxhov siab crystallization.

1.3 Cov Xwm Txheej Thov

① Kev Xa Hluav Taws Xob: 35 kV thiab qis dua XLPE insulated cables (GB / T 12706).
② Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Rau Tsheb: Cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev PVC nyias nyias (ISO 6722 tus qauv 0.13 hli tuab).
③ Cov Cables Tshwj Xeeb: PTFE insulated coaxial cables (ASTM D3307).

2 Cov Txheej Txheem Qhwv Ntev

2.1 Kev Xaiv Khoom Siv

① Cov Hlau Sawb: 0.15 hlidaim kab xev hlau galvanized(GB/T 2952 qhov yuav tsum tau ua), daim kab xev yas coated txhuas (Al/PET/Al qauv).
② Cov Khoom Siv Thaiv Dej: Cov nplaum kub yaj uas muaj txheej thaiv dej (qhov o ≥500%).
③ Cov Khoom Siv Vuam: ER5356 txhuas vuam hlau rau argon arc vuam (AWS A5.10 tus qauv).

2.2 Cov Txuj Ci Tseem Ceeb

Cov txheej txheem qhwv ntev muaj peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb:

① Kev Tsim Cov Ntawv: Khoov cov ntawv tiaj tiaj rau hauv U-puab → O-puab los ntawm kev dov ntau theem.
② Kev Vuam Txuas Ntxiv Mus: Kev vuam induction zaus siab (zaus 400 kHz, ceev 20 m/min).
③ Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Hauv Online: Lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob (qhov hluav taws xob sim 9 kV / hli).

2.3 Cov Ntawv Thov Ib Txwm Muaj

① Cov Cables Hauv Dej: Ob txheej txheej hlau strip longitudinal wrapping (IEC 60840 tus qauv mechanical strength ≥400 N/mm²).
② Cov Cables Mining: Cov ntaub thaiv corrugated aluminium (MT 818.14 compressive zog ≥20 MPa).
③ Cov Xov Tooj Sib Txuas Lus: Cov ntaub thaiv npog ntev uas ua los ntawm txhuas-yas sib xyaw ua ke (kev poob kis ≤0.1 dB/m @1GHz).

3 Cov Txheej Txheem Qhwv Helical

3.1 Cov Khoom Siv Sib Xyaws

① Daim kab xev Mica: Cov ntsiab lus Muscovite ≥95% (GB / T 5019.6), qhov kub thiab txias tiv taus hluav taws 1000 ° C / 90 feeb.
② Daim kab xev semiconducting: Cov ntsiab lus dub carbon 30% ～ 40% (ntim resistivity 10² ～ 10³ Ω·cm).
③ Cov Kab Xev Sib Xyaws: Polyester zaj duab xis + cov ntaub tsis-woven (tuab 0.05 hli ± 0.005 hli).

3.2 Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem

① Lub Kaum Qhwv: 25 ° ～ 55 ° (lub kaum me dua muab kev tiv thaiv khoov zoo dua).
② Qhov Sib Tshuam Sib Npaug: 50% ～ 70% (cov xov hluav taws uas tiv taus hluav taws xav tau 100% sib tshooj).
③ Kev Tswj Qhov Nruj: 0.5 ~ 2 N / mm² (servo lub cev muaj zog kaw-lub voj voog tswj).

3.3 Cov Kev Siv Tshiab

① Cov Xov Tooj Fais Fab Nuclear: Peb txheej mica daim kab xev qhwv (IEEE 383 tus qauv LOCA xeem tsim nyog).
② Cov Cables Superconducting: Cov ntaub nplaum thaiv dej semiconducting (qhov ceev ceev tam sim no ≥98%).
③ Cov Cables Zaus Siab: PTFE zaj duab xis qhwv (dielectric tas li 2.1 @1MHz).

4 Txoj Kev Txheej Txheem Dip

4.1 Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem

① Cov Txheej Txheem Asphalt: Nkag mus rau 60 ～ 80 (0.1 hli) @ 25 ° C (GB / T 4507).
② Polyurethane: Ob-txheej txheem (NCO∶OH = 1.1∶1), kev nplaum ≥3B (ASTM D3359).
③ Nano-txheej: SiO₂ hloov kho epoxy resin (kev sim tshuaj tsuag ntsev > 1000 teev).

4.2 Kev Txhim Kho Cov Txheej Txheem

① Nqus Pa Impregnation: Siab 0.08 MPa tswj rau 30 feeb (qhov pore puv tus nqi > 95%).
② UV Curing: Wavelength 365 nm, qhov muaj zog 800 mJ / cm².
③ Kev Qhuav Gradient: 40°C × 2 teev → 80°C × 4 teev → 120°C × 1 teev.

4.3 Cov Ntawv Thov Tshwj Xeeb

① Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Overhead: Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv xeb uas hloov kho los ntawm graphene (qhov ceev ntawm cov ntsev tso tawm txo qis 70%).
② Cov Cables Shipboard: Cov txheej polyurea kho tus kheej (lub sijhawm kho tawg <24 teev).
③ Cov Cables Faus: Txheej Semiconducting (kev tiv thaiv av ≤5 Ω·km).

5 Xaus Lus

Nrog rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab cov khoom siv ntse, cov txheej txheem npog tau hloov zuj zus mus rau kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab digitalization. Piv txwv li, extrusion-longitudinal wrapping combined technology ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm peb txheej co-extrusion + txhuas sheath, thiab 5G kev sib txuas lus cables siv nano-txheej + wrapping composite insulation. Kev tsim kho tshiab yav tom ntej yuav tsum nrhiav qhov sib npaug zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tswj tus nqi thiab kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, tsav tsheb kev txhim kho zoo ntawm kev lag luam cable.