Cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau thiab cov khoom siv cable feem ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv: cov neeg coj, cov txheej rwb thaiv tsev, cov txheej tiv thaiv thiab cov ntaub thaiv, nrog rau cov khoom sau thiab cov ntsiab lus tensile, thiab lwm yam. Raws li cov kev xav tau siv thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom, qee cov khoom muaj cov qauv yooj yim heev, nrog tsuas yog ib qho khoom siv, cov hlau, xws li cov xov hlau hla dhau, cov xov hlau catenary, tooj liab-txhuas busbars (busbars), thiab lwm yam. Kev rwb thaiv tsev hluav taws xob sab nraud ntawm cov khoom no tau ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev siv cov insulators thiab qhov deb ntawm qhov chaw thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab tso (uas yog, los ntawm kev siv cua rwb thaiv tsev).
Feem ntau ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cov khoom siv cable muaj cov duab zoo ib yam (tsis suav nrog qhov yuam kev tsim khoom) thiab yog cov kab ntev. Qhov no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb uas lawv siv los tsim cov voj voog lossis cov kauj hauv cov kab ke lossis cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, thaum kawm thiab tshuaj xyuas cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv cable, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los soj ntsuam thiab tshuaj xyuas los ntawm lawv cov duab hla.
Cov hauv qab no yog kev tshuaj xyuas ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov qauv cable thiab cov ntaub ntawv cable:
1. Cov qauv cable: Tus neeg xyuas pib
Cov xov hlau yog cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsis tau rau cov khoom siv los ua haujlwm ntawm kev xa cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no lossis cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob. Cov xov hlau yog lub npe luv ntawm cov tub ntxhais conductive.
Cov ntaub ntawv twg muaj nyob rau hauv cov xov hlau conductors? Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov conductors feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hlau uas tsis yog ferrous nrog kev ua hluav taws xob zoo heev xws li tooj liab thiab txhuas. Cov xov hlau optical siv rau hauv cov tes hauj lwm sib txuas lus optical uas tau tsim kho sai sai hauv peb xyoo dhau los lossis yog li ntawd siv cov fibers optical ua conductors.
2. Cov qauv cable: Txheej rwb thaiv tsev
Cov txheej rwb thaiv tsev yog ib qho khoom uas npog cov npoo ntawm cov hlau thiab ua haujlwm ua cov rwb thaiv tsev hluav taws xob. Ntawd yog, nws tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov hluav taws xob xa mus lossis cov nthwv dej electromagnetic, cov nthwv dej lub teeb tsuas yog mus ncig raws cov hlau thiab tsis ntws mus rau sab nraud. Lub zog ntawm tus neeg coj hluav taws xob (uas yog, qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog tsim rau cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig, uas yog, qhov hluav taws xob) tuaj yeem raug cais tawm. Ntawd yog, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias ob qho tib si kev ua haujlwm kis tau zoo ntawm cov hlau thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom sab nraud thiab tib neeg. Cov hlau thiab cov txheej rwb thaiv tsev yog ob qho khoom tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj los ua cov khoom siv cable (tshwj tsis yog cov hlau liab qab).
Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev cable yog dab tsi: Hauv cov xov hlau thiab cov cables niaj hnub no, kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev cable feem ntau poob rau hauv ob pawg: yas thiab roj hmab. Cov ntaub ntawv polymer yog cov tseem ceeb, ua rau muaj ntau yam khoom siv hlau thiab cable uas haum rau kev siv sib txawv thiab cov kev xav tau ib puag ncig. Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev rau cov xov hlau thiab cov cables suav nrog polyvinyl chloride (PVC),polyethylene txuas (XLPE), fluoroplastics, roj hmab sib xyaw, ethylene propylene roj hmab sib xyaw, thiab cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev roj hmab silicone.
3. Cov qauv cable: Sheath
Thaum cov khoom siv hlau thiab cable raug teeb tsa thiab ua haujlwm hauv ntau qhov chaw sib txawv, yuav tsum muaj cov khoom uas tiv thaiv tag nrho cov khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txheej rwb thaiv tsev. Qhov no yog lub plhaub. Vim tias cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev zoo heev ntawm txhua yam, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muaj kev huv siab heev thiab cov ntsiab lus qis heev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom coj mus rau hauv tus account nws lub peev xwm tiv thaiv tawm tsam lub ntiaj teb sab nraud. Yog li ntawd, ntau yam kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tiv taus lossis tiv taus ntau yam kev siv tshuab los ntawm sab nraud (piv txwv li, kev teeb tsa, qhov chaw siv thiab thaum siv), kev tiv thaiv rau ib puag ncig huab cua, kev tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis roj, kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob, thiab kev txo qis kev phom sij hluav taws. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov plhaub cable yog kev tiv thaiv dej, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab kev tiv thaiv xeb. Ntau cov khoom siv cable tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov chaw sab nraud zoo (xws li huv, qhuav, thiab sab hauv tsev tsis muaj kev siv tshuab sab nraud), lossis cov uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev uas muaj qee yam zog thiab kev tiv thaiv huab cua, tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj cov txheej tiv thaiv.
Muaj cov ntaub ntawv siv rau hauv cov xov hlau li cas? Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov xov hlau muaj xws li roj hmab, yas, txheej, silicone, thiab ntau yam khoom siv fiber, thiab lwm yam. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov roj hmab thiab yas tiv thaiv txheej yog mos thiab sib dua, thiab nws siv dav hauv cov xov hlau txawb. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias ob qho tib si roj hmab thiab yas muaj qee yam dej permeability, lawv tsuas yog siv tau thaum cov ntaub ntawv polymer siab nrog cov dej noo tiv taus siab siv ua rwb thaiv tsev cable. Tom qab ntawd qee tus neeg siv yuav nug tias vim li cas yas thiaj siv ua txheej tiv thaiv hauv kev ua lag luam? Piv nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov yas sheaths, cov roj hmab sheaths muaj elasticity thiab yooj ywm dua, tiv taus kev laus dua, tab sis lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom nyuaj dua. Cov yas sheaths muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo dua thiab tiv taus dej, thiab muaj ntau yam khoom siv, pheej yig thiab yooj yim ua. Yog li ntawd, lawv siv dav dua hauv kev ua lag luam. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg los ntawm cov phooj ywg hauv kev lag luam tias muaj lwm hom hlau sheath. Cov hlau sheaths tsis yog tsuas yog muaj cov haujlwm tiv thaiv tshuab tab sis kuj muaj cov haujlwm tiv thaiv uas tau hais hauv qab no. Lawv kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv xws li kev tiv thaiv corrosion, compressive thiab tensile zog, thiab tiv taus dej, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov dej noo thiab lwm yam khoom phom sij los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv sab hauv ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev cable. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau siv dav ua cov sheaths rau cov roj-impregnated ntawv insulated fais fab cables nrog tsis zoo noo noo tsis kam.
4. Cov qauv cable: Txheej tiv thaiv
Cov txheej tiv thaiv yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv cable rau kev ua tiav kev cais tawm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Nws tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob sab hauv kom tsis txhob tawm thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov cuab yeej sab nraud, meters lossis lwm cov kab, tab sis kuj tseem thaiv cov nthwv dej hluav taws xob sab nraud kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv lub cable system los ntawm kev sib txuas. Cov qauv, cov txheej tiv thaiv tsis yog tsuas yog teeb tsa rau sab nraud ntawm cov cable tab sis kuj muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov khub lossis pawg ntawm cov xov hlau hauv cov cables ntau-core, tsim ntau theem "electromagnetic isolation screens". Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog rau qhov xav tau ntxiv rau cov cables sib txuas lus siab zaus thiab kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam, cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm cov ntawv hlau thiab cov ntawv semiconductor mus rau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke ntau dua xws lidaim kab xev mylar aluminium foil, cov ntawv ci tooj liab mylar, thiab cov ntawv ci tooj liab. Cov qauv tiv thaiv feem ntau suav nrog cov txheej tiv thaiv sab hauv ua los ntawm cov polymers conductive lossis cov ntawv ci semiconductive, nrog rau cov txheej tiv thaiv sab nraud xws li daim kab xev tooj liab longitudinal wrapping thiab braided tooj liab mesh. Ntawm lawv, cov txheej braided feem ntau siv tin-plated tooj liab los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Rau cov xwm txheej thov tshwj xeeb, xws li cov xov tooj hloov pauv zaus siv daim kab xev tooj liab + tooj liab hlau composite shielding, cov xov tooj ntaub ntawv siv aluminium foil longitudinal wrapping + streamline design, thiab cov xov tooj kho mob xav tau cov txheej txheem braided tooj liab nyiaj-plated siab. Nrog rau kev tshwm sim ntawm 5G era, cov qauv tiv thaiv hybrid ntawm aluminium-yas composite daim kab xev thiab tin-plated tooj liab hlau weaving tau dhau los ua cov kev daws teeb meem tseem ceeb rau cov xov tooj zaus siab. Kev xyaum ua lag luam qhia tau hais tias cov txheej tiv thaiv tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm cov qauv ntxiv mus rau ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov xov tooj. Kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau nws yuav tsum xav txog cov yam ntxwv zaus, kev ua haujlwm khoov thiab cov nqi kom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau electromagnetic compatibility ntawm cov xwm txheej thov sib txawv.
5. Cov qauv cable: Cov qauv puv
Ntau cov khoom siv hlau thiab cable yog ntau lub cores. Piv txwv li, feem ntau cov cable fais fab qis-voltage yog plaub-core lossis tsib-core cables (haum rau peb-theem systems), thiab cov cables xov tooj hauv nroog muaj 800 khub, 1200 khub, 2400 khub txog 3600 khub. Tom qab cov hlau insulated cores lossis khub no raug cabled (lossis cabled ua pawg ntau zaus), muaj ob qhov teeb meem: ib qho yog tias cov duab tsis yog puag ncig, thiab qhov thib ob yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm cov hlau insulated cores. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum ntxiv cov qauv sau thaum lub sijhawm cabling. Cov qauv sau yog ua kom lub cheeb sab nraud ntawm cov cabling puag ncig, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev qhwv thiab extrusion ntawm lub sheath, thiab tseem ua kom cov qauv cable ruaj khov thiab sab hauv muaj zog. Thaum siv (thaum ncab, compressing thiab khoov thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom thiab tso), lub zog raug siv sib npaug yam tsis ua rau cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov cable puas tsuaj. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias cov qauv sau yog cov qauv pabcuam, nws kuj tsim nyog, thiab muaj cov cai ntxaws ntxaws txog nws cov khoom siv xaiv thiab tsim cov duab.
Cov ntaub ntawv sau cable: Feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv sau rau cables suav nrog daim kab xev polypropylene, txoj hlua PP tsis-woven, txoj hlua hemp, lossis cov khoom pheej yig ua los ntawm cov roj hmab rov ua dua tshiab. Yuav siv ua cov ntaub ntawv sau cable, nws yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm tsis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub hauv paus cable insulated, tsis yog hygroscopic los ntawm nws tus kheej, tsis yooj yim shrinkage thiab tsis xeb.
6. Cov qauv ntawm cov kab hlau: Cov ntsiab lus tensile
Cov khoom siv hlau thiab cable ib txwm siv cov txheej hlau ntawm lub sheath los tiv taus cov zog tensile sab nraud lossis cov zog tensile los ntawm lawv tus kheej qhov hnyav. Cov qauv ib txwm muaj yog cov hlau nplaum armoring thiab hlau nplaum armoring (piv txwv li, rau cov cables submarine, cov hlau tuab nrog lub cheeb ntawm 8 hli yog siv thiab twisted los ua cov txheej hlau armoring). Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov fibers optical los ntawm cov zog tensile me me thiab tiv thaiv me ntsis deformation ntawm cov fibers uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm kis, cov qauv fiber ntau optical cable yog nruab nrog thawj thiab thib ob cladding nrog rau cov khoom siv tensile tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias lub mloog pob ntseg cable ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes txais yuav cov qauv uas cov hlau tooj liab zoo lossis cov kab xev tooj liab nyias yog qhwv ib ncig ntawm cov fiber ntau filaments thiab ib txheej insulating yog extruded rau sab nraud, cov fiber ntau synthetic filament no yog lub ntsiab lus tensile. Hauv kev xaus, hauv cov khoom tshwj xeeb, me me thiab yoog tau tsim nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no uas xav tau ntau yam khoov thiab twisting siv, cov ntsiab lus tensile ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Cov ntaub ntawv twg suav nrog rau cov khoom siv tensile cable: cov hlau strips, cov xov hlau steel, thiab cov ntawv ci stainless hlau
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-25-2025